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Myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2/MXB) is an interferon (IFN)-induced HIV-1 restriction factor that inhibits viral nuclear DNA accumulation. The amino-terminal domain of MX2 binds the viral capsid and is essential for inhibition. Using in vitro assembled Capsid-Nucleocapsid (CANC) complexes as a surrogate for the HIV-1 capsid lattice, we reveal that the GTPase (G) domain of MX2 contains a second, independent capsid-binding site. The importance of this interaction was addressed in competition assays using the naturally occurring non-antiviral short isoform of MX2 that lacks the amino-terminal 25 amino acids. Specifically, these experiments show that the G domain enhances MX2 function, and the foreshortened isoform acts as a functional suppressor of the full-length protein in a G-domain-dependent manner. The interaction of MX2 with its HIV-1 capsid substrate is therefore multi-faceted: there are dual points of contact that, together with protein oligomerization, contribute to the complexity of MX2 regulation. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Gilberto Betancor, Matthew D J Dicks, Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño, Nabil H Ali, Luis Apolonia, Michael H Malim. The GTPase Domain of MX2 Interacts with the HIV-1 Capsid, Enabling Its Short Isoform to Moderate Antiviral Restriction. Cell reports. 2019 Nov 12;29(7):1923-1933.e3

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PMID: 31722207

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