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    We report the outcome of 19 patients who experienced primary graft failure (PrGF) after a haploidentical (HAPLO), unmanipulated bone marrow transplant. The median age of patients was 52 years; the conditioning regimen of the first HAPLO transplant was either full dose total body irradiation (TBI) or fludarabine, busulfan, and thiotepa (TBF); PTCY was given to all patients together with cyclosporine and mycophenolate. All 19 patients with PrGF received a second HAPLO graft, at a median interval of 42 days (34-82) after HSCT, using the Baltimore protocol and G-CSF mobilized PB from the same (n = 13) or another HAPLO family donor (n = 6). GvHD prophylaxis was again PTCY-based; 14/19 patients had trilineage recovery (74%) and 1-year survival was 66%. Engraftment at second HAPLO was seen in 7/8 patient with, and in 5/7 patients without donor-specific antibodies (DSA). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis on the original group of 503 patients, there was a trend for a reduced dose of busulfan, to increase the risk of PrGF (p = 0.1). In conclusion, patients with PrGF following a HAPLO transplant, can be rescued with a second early HAPLO transplant, using the same or a different donor.

    Citation

    Sabrina Giammarco, Anna Maria Raiola, Carmen Di Grazia, Stefania Bregante, Francesca Gualandi, Riccardo Varaldo, Patrizia Chiusolo, Federica Sora, Simona Sica, Luca Laurenti, Elisabetta Metafuni, Idanna Innocenti, Francesco Autore, Barbara Murgia, Andrea Bacigalupo, Emanuele Angelucci. Second haploidentical stem cell transplantation for primary graft failure. Bone marrow transplantation. 2021 Jun;56(6):1291-1296

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    PMID: 33328569

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