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    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with evidence of polygenetic components, and obesity may be a risk factor for hyperandrogenism. Previous studies have shown that LHCGR is enriched in the ovary and LHCGR deficiency causes infertility without typical PCOS phenotypes. ALMS1 is implicated in obesity and hyperandrogenism, the common phenotypes among PCOS patients. Through whole-exome sequencing of 22 PCOS families and targeted candidate gene sequencing of additional 65 sporadic PCOS patients, we identified potential causative mutations in LHCGR and ALMS1 in a sibling-pair PCOS family and three sporadic PCOS patients. The expression of LHCGRL638P in granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) cells promoted cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and granulosa cell proliferation, indicating that LHCGRL638P is an activating mutation. LhcgrL642P/L642P mice showed an irregular estrous cycle, reduced follicles with dynamic folliculogenesis, and increased testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), and dehydroepiandrosterone. Lhcgr+/L642PAlms1+/PB mice displayed increased T and E2 but decreased late secondary and preovulatory follicles. We showed that activating mutation of LHCGR likely plays important roles in the pathophysiology of PCOS involving abnormal reproductive physiology, whereas ALMS1 deficiency may promote anovulatory infertility via elevated androgens, suggesting that the disturbed LHCGR and ALMS1 cooperatively induce PCOS phenotypes, characterized as anovulation and hyperandrogenemia frequently observed in PCOS patients with obesity. Copyright © 2021 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    Citation

    Li Yu, Lina Wang, Wufan Tao, Wenxiang Zhang, Shuanghao Yang, Jian Wang, Jia Fei, Rui Peng, Yiming Wu, Xiumei Zhen, Hong Shao, Weiyue Gu, Rong Li, Bai-Lin Wu, Hongyan Wang. LHCGR and ALMS1 defects likely cooperate in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome indicated by double-mutant mice. Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao. 2021 May 20;48(5):384-395

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    PMID: 34147365

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