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QuickView for Clonazepam (compound)


PubChem
Name: Clonazepam
PubChem Compound ID: 11493440
Description: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
Molecular formula: C15H10ClN3O3
Molecular weight: 318.69 g/mol
DrugBank
Identification
Name: Clonazepam
Name (isomeric): DB01068
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.
Synonyms:
Clonazepamum; Chlonazepam
Brand: Clonopin, Antelepsin, Iktorivil, Cloazepam, Landsen, Rivotril, Klonopin Rapidly Disintegrating, Antilepsin, Klonopin
Category: Benzodiazepines, GABA Modulators, Anticonvulsants
CAS number: 1622-61-3
Pharmacology
Indication: Used as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (petit mal variant), akinetic and myoclonic seizures.
Pharmacology: Clonazepam, a benzodiazepine, is used primarily as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of absence seizures, petit mal variant seizures (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), akinetic and myoclonic seizures, and nocturnal myoclonus.
Mechanism of Action:
Allosteric interactions between central benzodiazepine receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors potentiate the effects of GABA. As GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, this results in increased inhibition of the ascending reticular activating system. Benzodiazepines, in this way, block the cortical and limbic arousal that occurs fo...
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Absorption: Clonazepam is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration. The absolute bioavailability of clonazepam is about 90%.
Protein binding: 85%
Biotransformation: Hepatic (cytochrome P450, including CYP3A). Biotransformation occurs mainly by reduction of the 7-nitro group to the 4-amino derivative. This derivative can be acetylated, hydroxylated, and glucuronidated.
Route of elimination: Clonazepam is highly metabolized, with less than 2% unchanged clonazepam being excreted in the urine. Metabolites of Klonopin are excreted by the kidneys
Half Life: 30-40 hours
Toxicity: Somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes
Affected organisms: Humans and other mammals
Interactions
Food interaction:
Avoid alcohol.
Take without regard to meals.
Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (Caffeine).
Drug interaction:
ItraconazoleItraconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.
KetoconazoleKetoconazole may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.
SaquinavirThe protease inhibitor, saquinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.
IndinavirThe protease inhibitor, indinavir, may increase the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.
St. John's WortSt. John's Wort may decrease the effect of the benzodiazepine, clonazepam.
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