Name: | Diazepam |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 11033472 |
Description: | A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. |
Molecular formula: | C16H13ClN2O |
Molecular weight: | 286.752 g/mol |
Name: | Diazepam |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00829 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity. |
Synonyms: |
DAP; Methyldiazepinone
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Brand: | Condition, Serenamin, Valeo, Eridan, Levium, Cercine, Kiatrium, Sibazone, Dienpax, Q-Pam, Lamra, Mandrozep, Seduxen, Aliseum, Pms-Diazepam, Domalium, Diacepan, La-Iii, Bialzepam, Liberetas, Velium, Paceum, Eurosan, Alupram, Usempax Ap, Serenzin, Diastat, Pacitran, Seduksen, Dipezona, Pro-Pam, Vival, Evacalm, Gihitan, Dipam, Ansiolisina, Freudal, Ansiolin, Quiatril, Valaxona, Atensine, Bensedin, Kabivitrum, E-Pam, Alboral, Relanium, Ruhsitus, Paxate, Sibazon, Diazepan, Calmpose, Zetran, Dizac, Quievita, Gewacalm, Apaurin, Renborin, Valiquid, Duksen, Diazemulus, Diazetard, Duxen, Armonil, Diapam, Vivol, Apozepam, Tranimul, Valitran, Tranquo-Tablinen, Apo-Diazepam, Valium, Vatran, Tranquirit, Sedapam, Q-Pam Relanium, Unisedil, Umbrium, Assival, Tranquo-Puren, Novo-Dipam, Stesolid, Faustan,, Novazam, Tensopam, Dialar, Tranquase, Ceregulart, Frustan, Stesolin, Tranqdyn, Lembrol, Dialag, Quetinil, An-Ding, Paranten, Relaminal, Solis, Zipan, Neurolytril, Plidan, Faustan, Diazepam Intensol, Calmocitene, Sedipam, Serenack, Noan, Setonil, Valrelease, Atilen, Saromet, Amiprol, Servizepam, Sonacon, Diazemuls, LA III, Morosan, Paxel |
Category: | Anesthetics, Intravenous, Adjuvants, Anesthesia, Anti-anxiety Agents, Muscle Relaxants, Central, GABA Modulators, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Antiemetics, Anticonvulsants |
CAS number: | 439-14-5 |
Indication: | Used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. |
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Pharmacology: |
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, generates the same active metabolite as chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate. In animals, diazepam appears to act on parts of the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus, and induces calming effects. Diazepam, unlike chlorpromazine and reserpine, has no demonstrable peripheral autonomic blocking action, nor does it prod...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Benzodiazepines bind nonspecifically to benzodiazepine receptors which mediate sleep, affects muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, motor coordination, and memory. As benzodiazepine receptors are thought to be coupled to gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors, this enhances the effects of GABA by increasing GABA affinity for t...
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Absorption: | Essentially complete, with a bioavailability of 93%. |
Protein binding: | 98.5% |
Biotransformation: | Hepatic via the Cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The main active metabolite is desmethyldiazepam, in addition to minor active metabolites including temazepam and oxazepam. |
Route of elimination: | Diazepam and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine, predominantly as their glucuronide conjugates. |
Half Life: | Biphasic 1-2 days and 2-5 days, active metabolites with long half lives. |
Clearance: | 20-30 mL/min |
Toxicity: | Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
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