QuickView for Glyburide (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 10625062

Name:	Glyburide
PubChem Compound ID:	10625062
Description:	An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.
Molecular formula:	C₂₃H₂₈ClN₃O₅S
Molecular weight:	496.012 g/mol

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Glyburide
Name (isomeric):	DB01016
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions similar to those of chlorpropamide.
Synonyms:	Apo-Glibenclamide; Glibenclamidum [INN-Latin]; Glibenclamida [INN-Spanish]; Glibenclamide
Brand:	Benclamin, Glibenclamid Riker M., Dia-basan, Tiabet, Orabetic, Glimel, Glynase, Gen-Glybe, Gewaglucon, Glibesyn, Libanil, Glibil, Glibet, Glucomid, Hexaglucon, Duraglucon, Gliben, Glitisol, Glibadone, Glisulin, Glidiabet, Sugril, Nadib, Glybenclamide, Glyben, Adiab, Humedia, Glimide, Glybenzcyclamide, Micronase, Glibenclamid Fabra, Gliban, Glucoven, Glibenclamid-Ratiopharm, GBN 5, Malix, Gliben-Puren N, Euglucon 5, Gliboral, Glimidstata, Glycolande, Gluben, Glicem, Debtan, Glucobene, Glubate, Euglykon, Betanase, Calabren, Novo-Glyburide, Glucolon, Euglucon, Cytagon, Yuglucon, Glibenclamid-Cophar, Glibens, Euglucan, Glibetic, Norglicem 5, Betanese 5, Glibenclamid Basics, Glibenbeta, Gilemal, Glycomin, PresTab, Lisaglucon, Glucoremed, Gluco-Tablimen, Miglucan, Glibenclamid Genericon, Semi-Daonil, Neogluconin, Diabeta, Glibenclamid AL, Dibelet, Bastiverit, Praeciglucon, Daonil, Glamide, Melix, Euclamin, Suraben, Lederglib, Glibenclamid Heumann, Glibenil, Glucohexal, Pira, Maninil, Azuglucon, Med-Glionil, Diabiphage, Prodiabet, Renabetic, Normoglucon, Abbenclamide
Brand name mixture:	Glucovance(Metformin + Glibenclamide)
Category:	Hypoglycemic Agents, Antiarrhythmic Agents, Sulfonylureas
CAS number:	10238-21-8

Pharmacology

Indication:	Indicated as an adjunct to diet to lower the blood glucose in patients with NIDDM whose hyperglycemia cannot be satisfactorily controlled by diet alone.
Pharmacology:	Glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, lowers blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. With chronic administration in Type II diabetic patients, the blood glucose lowering effect persists despite a gradual decline... show more » Glyburide, a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, lowers blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. With chronic administration in Type II diabetic patients, the blood glucose lowering effect persists despite a gradual decline in the insulin secretory response to the drug. Extrapancreatic effects may be involved in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonyl-urea hypoglycemic drugs. The combination of glibenclamide and metformin may have a synergistic effect, since both agents act to improve glucose tolerance by different but complementary mechanisms. In addition to its blood glucose lowering actions, glyburide produces a mild diuresis by enhancement of renal free water clearance. Glyburide is twice as potent as the related second-generation agent glipizide. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Sulfonylureas such as glyburide bind to ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion... show more » Sulfonylureas such as glyburide bind to ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the pancreatic cell surface, reducing potassium conductance and causing depolarization of the membrane. Depolarization stimulates calcium ion influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, raising intracellular concentrations of calcium ions, which induces the secretion, or exocytosis, of insulin. show less «
Absorption:	Significant absorption within 1 hour and peak plasma levels are reached in 2 to 4 hours. Onset of action occurs within one hour.
Protein binding:	Unchanged drug is ~99% bound to serum proteins; 4-trans-hydroxyglyburide is greater than 97% bound to serum proteins. Protein binding is primarily nonionic making glyburide and is less likely to displace or be displaced by drugs that bind via an ionic mechanism.
Biotransformation:	Primarily hepatic (mainly cytochrome P450 3A4). The major metabolite is the 4-trans-hydroxy derivative. A second metabolite, the 3-cis-hydroxy derivative, also occurs. These metabolites do not contribute clinically significant hypoglycemic action in humans as they are only weakly active; however, retention of 4-trans-hydroxyglyburide may prolong the hypoglycemic effect of the agent in those with severe renal impairment.
Route of elimination:	Glyburide is excreted as metabolites in the bile and urine, approximately 50% by each route. This dual excretory pathway is qualitatively different from that of other sulfonylureas, which are excreted primarily in the urine.
Half Life:	1.4-1.8 hours (unchanged drug only); 10 hours (metabolites included). Duration of effect is 12-24 hours.
Clearance:	78 ml/hr/kg in healthy adults. Clearance may be substantially decreased in those with severe renal impairment.
Toxicity:	Oral rat LD₅₀: > 20,000 mg/kg. Oral mouse LD₅₀: 3250 mg/kg.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Avoid alcohol.

Take 30-60 minutes before breakfast.

Drug interaction:

Dicumarol	Dicumarol may increase the effect of sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Trisalicylate-choline	The salicylate, trisalicylate-choline, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Oxprenolol	The beta-blocker, oxprenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Bismuth Subsalicylate	The salicylate, bismuth subsalicylate, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.

Dicumarol	Dicumarol may increase the effect of sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Trisalicylate-choline	The salicylate, trisalicylate-choline, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Oxprenolol	The beta-blocker, oxprenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Bismuth Subsalicylate	The salicylate, bismuth subsalicylate, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Bevantolol	The beta-blocker, bevantolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Chloramphenicol	Chloramphenicol may increase the effect of sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Esmolol	The beta-blocker, esmolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Salicylate-sodium	The salicylate, salicylate-sodium, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Rifampin	Rifampin may decrease the effect of sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Metoprolol	The beta-blocker, metoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Carteolol	The beta-blocker, carteolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Betaxolol	The beta-blocker, betaxolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Timolol	The beta-blocker, timolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Clofibrate	Clofibrate may increase the effect of sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Bisoprolol	The beta-blocker, bisoprolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Somatropin recombinant	Somatropin may antagonize the hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide. Monitor for changes in fasting and postprandial blood sugars.
Atenolol	The beta-blocker, atenolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Pindolol	The beta-blocker, pindolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Glucosamine	Possible hyperglycemia
Magnesium salicylate	The salicylate, magnesium salicylate, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Phenylbutazone	Phenylbutazone increases the effect of the hypoglycemic agent
Cyclosporine	The sulfonylurea, glibenclamide, may increase the effect of cyclosporine.
Diazoxide	Antagonism.
Nadolol	The beta-blocker, nadolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Propranolol	The beta-blocker, propranolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Practolol	The beta-blocker, practolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Carvedilol	The beta-blocker, carvedilol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Colesevelam	Colesevelam may decrease the serum concentration of Glyburide. Glyburide should be administered at least 4 hours before colesevelam to minimize the risk of an interaction.
Labetalol	The beta-blocker, labetalol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Sotalol	The beta-blocker, sotalol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.
Salsalate	The salicylate, salsalate, increases the effect of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide.
Bosentan	Increased risk of hepatic toxicity
Acebutolol	Acebutolol may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia and increase the time required for the body to compensate for hypoglycemia.
Penbutolol	The beta-blocker, penbutolol, may decrease symptoms of hypoglycemia.