Name: | Spironolactone |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 101858 |
Description: | A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827) |
Molecular formula: | C22H30O3 |
Molecular weight: | 342.472 g/mol |
Synonyms: |
EINECS 212-351-9; 3-Oxopregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone; 801-37-6
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Name: | Spironolactone |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00421 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827) |
Brand: | Spiroderm, Spironolattone [DCIT], Urusonin, Lacalmin, Spiroctan, Diatensec, Spironocompren, Spirolang, Verospirone, Spironolactonum [INN-Latin], Aldactone, Aldactide, Spiridon, Spironolactone [BAN:INN:JAN], Sagisal, Dira, Lacdene, Aldopur, Deverol, Osyrol, Nefurofan, Spironolactone A, Almatol, Aldactazide, Spirolakton, Uractone, Aldactone A, Abbolactone, Spirolactone, Alderon, Spiro-Tablinen, Acelat, Espironolactona [INN-Spanish], Duraspiron, Verospiron, SNL, Spiretic, Spirolone, Sprioderm, Verospirone Opianin, Aldace, Spirone, Melarcon, Aquareduct, Suracton, Altex, Spiresis, Euteberol, Xenalon, Spiroctanie, Supra-puren, Laractone, Sincomen |
Brand name mixture: | Novo-Spirozine-50 Tab(Hydrochlorothiazide + Spironolactone), Apo-Spirozide Tab(Hydrochlorothiazide + Spironolactone), Novo-Spirozine Tab 25mg(Hydrochlorothiazide + Spironolactone), Aldactazide 50(50 mg Hydrochlorothiazide + 50 mg Spironolactone), Aldactazide 25(25 mg Hydrochlorothiazide + 25 mg Spironolactone) |
Category: | Aldosterone Antagonists, Diuretics |
CAS number: | 52-01-7 |
Indication: | Used primarily to treat low-renin hypertension, hypokalemia, and Conn's syndrome. |
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Pharmacology: |
Spironolactone is a synthetic 17-lactone steroid which is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called potassium-sparing diuretics. On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic, but it can be combined with other diuretics. Due to its anti-androgen effect, it can also be used to treat hirsutism, and is a comm...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Spironolactone is a specific pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone, acting primarily through competitive binding of receptors at the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal convoluted renal tubule. Spironolactone causes increased amounts of sodium and water to be excreted, while potassium is retained. Spironolactone act...
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Absorption: | Fairly rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Food increases the bioavailability of unmetabolized spironolactone by almost 100%. |
Protein binding: | Spironolactone and its metabolites are more than 90% bound to plasma proteins. |
Biotransformation: | Rapidly and extensively metabolized. The metabolic pathway of spironolactone is complex and can be divided into two main routes: those in which the sulfur moiety is retained and those in which the sulfur moiety is removed by dethioacetylation. Spironolactone is transformed to a reactive metabolite that can inactivate adrenal and testicular cytochrome P450 enzymes. It also has anti-androgenic activity. |
Route of elimination: | The metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine and secondarily in bile. |
Half Life: | 10 minutes |
Toxicity: | The oral LD50 of spironolactone is greater than 1,000 mg/kg in mice, rats, and rabbits. Acute overdosage of spironolactone may be manifested by drowsiness, mental confusion, maculopapular or erythematous rash, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or diarrhea. Spironolactone has been shown to be a tumorigen in chronic toxicity studies in rats. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
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