QuickView for Hydromorphone (compound)

Summary
General Info

PubChem

PubChem Compound 3648

Name:	Hydromorphone
PubChem Compound ID:	3648
Description:	An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.
Molecular formula:	C₁₇H₁₉NO₃
Molecular weight:	285.338 g/mol
Synonyms:	Morphinone, dihydro-, hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (5.alpha.)-; Morphinan-6-one, 4, 5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride, (5.alpha.)-; Hydromorphone hydrochloride; Hydromorphone; Dilaudid; Dihydromorphinone hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4, 5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride, (5'-.alpha.)-. show more » Morphinone, dihydro-, hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (5.alpha.)-; Morphinan-6-one, 4, 5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride, (5.alpha.)-; Hydromorphone hydrochloride; Hydromorphone; Dilaudid; Dihydromorphinone hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4, 5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-; Morphinan-6-one, 4,5.alpha.-epoxy-3-hydroxy-17-methyl-, hydrochloride, (5'-.alpha.)-; Hymorphan; NSC117862; 71-68-1 show less «

DrugBank

Identification

Name:	Hydromorphone
Name (isomeric):	DB00327
Drug Type:	small molecule
Description:	An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.
Synonyms:	Hydromorphon; Hydromorfona [Spanish]; Dihydromorphinone; Hidromorfona [INN-Spanish]; Hydromorphonum [INN-Latin]; Hydromorphone HCL; Dihydromorfinon [Czech]
Brand:	Novolaudon, Dilaudid-hp, Palladone, Hymorphan, Dimorphone, Laudicon, Idromorfone, Dilaudid Oros, Dilaudid, Paramorphan, Laudacon, DiMo
Category:	Narcotics, Analgesics, Opioid
CAS number:	466-99-9

Pharmacology

Indication:	For the relief of moderate to severe pain such as that due to surgery, cancer, trauma/injury, or burns.
Pharmacology:	Hydromorphone is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that acts as a narcotic analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine. Hydromorphone is approximately 8 times more potent on a milligram basis than morphine. In addition, hydromorphone is better absorbed orally than is morphine. In clinical settings, Hydromorphone exerts i... show more » Hydromorphone is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine that acts as a narcotic analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine. Hydromorphone is approximately 8 times more potent on a milligram basis than morphine. In addition, hydromorphone is better absorbed orally than is morphine. In clinical settings, Hydromorphone exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Hydromorphone appears to increase the patient's tolerance for pain and to decrease discomfort, although the presence of the pain itself may still be recognized. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Opioids also produce respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centers. show less «
Mechanism of Action:	Hydromorphone is a narcotic analgesic; its principal therapeutic effect is relief of pain. Hydromorphone interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptors. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, with high densities in the posterior amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical ar... show more » Hydromorphone is a narcotic analgesic; its principal therapeutic effect is relief of pain. Hydromorphone interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptors. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, with high densities in the posterior amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical areas. They are also found on the terminal axons of primary afferents within laminae I and II (substantia gelatinosa) of the spinal cord and in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. In clinical settings, Hydromorphone exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Hydromorphone also binds with kappa-receptors which are thought to mediate spinal analgesia, miosis and sedation. show less «
Absorption:	Better absorbed orally than morphine
Protein binding:	20%
Biotransformation:	Primarily hepatic. After absorption hydromorphone is metabolized by the liver to the glucuronide conjugate which is then excreted in the urine. Hydromorphone is metabolized to the major metabolites hydromorphone-3-glucuronide, hydromorphone-3-glucoside and dihydroisomorphine-6-glucuronide.
Route of elimination:	Only a small amount of the hydromorphone dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. Most of the dose is excreted as hydromorphone-3-glucuronide along with minor amounts of 6-hydroxy reduction metabolites.
Half Life:	2.6 hours (oral); 18.6 hours for sustained release Palladone
Clearance:	1.96 L/min
Toxicity:	Hydromorphone is a schedule II narcotic which can lead to physical dependence or addiction. High doses lead to respiratory depression, nausea, and vomiting. Overdoses lead to extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, and sometimes bradycardia and hypotension. In severe overdosage, apnea, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur.
Affected organisms:	Humans and other mammals

Interactions

Food interaction:

Take without regard to meals. Avoid alcohol.

Drug interaction:

Triprolidine

The CNS depressants, Triprolidine and Hydromorphone, may increase adverse/toxic effects due to additivity. Monitor for increased CNS depressant effects during concomitant therapy.

Targets

Mu-type opioid receptor

Delta-type opioid receptor

Kappa-type opioid receptor

Enzymes

Cytochrome P450 3A4

Cytochrome P450 2C9

Cytochrome P450 2D6

Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9