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QuickView for Hydroxychloroquine (compound)


PubChem
Name: Hydroxychloroquine
PubChem Compound ID: 12947
Description: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
Molecular formula: C18H28ClN3O5S
Molecular weight: 433.951 g/mol
Synonyms:
EINECS 212-019-3; Ethanol, 2-[[4-[ (7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino]pentyl]ethylamino]-, sulfate (1:1) (salt); Ethanol, 2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)-, sulfate (1:1) (salt) (8CI); Plaquenil; Plaquenil (TN); 2-((4-((7-Chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol sulfate (1:1) (salt); Ethanol, 2-[[4-[ (7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino]pentyl]ethylamino]-, sulfate (1:1) (salt); D02114; Hydroxychloroquine sulphate; Toremonil.
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DrugBank
Identification
Name: Hydroxychloroquine
Name (isomeric): DB01611
Drug Type: small molecule
Description: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970)
Synonyms:
Hidroxicloroquina [inn-spanish]; Hydroxychloroquinum [inn-latin]; Hydroxychloroguine; Oxichlorochinum; Oxichloroquine; HCQ; Oxychlorochin; Idrossiclorochina [dcit]; 2-((4-((7-Chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol; Oxychloroquine.
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Brand: Quensyl, Plaquenil, Ercoquin
Category: Antimalarials, Enzyme Inhibitors, Antirheumatic Agents, Dermatologic Agents
CAS number: 118-42-3
Pharmacology
Indication: For the suppressive treatment and treatment of acute attacks of malaria due to <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>, <i>P. malariae</i>, <i>P. ovale</i>, and susceptible strains of <i>P. falciparum</i>. It is also indicated for the treatment of discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Pharmacology: Hydroxychloroquine possesses antimalarial properties and also exerts a beneficial effect in lupus erythematosus (chronic discoid or systemic) and acute or chronic rheumatoid arthritis. The precise mechanism of action is not known.
Mechanism of Action:
Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, it may be based on ability of hydroxychloroquine to bind to and alter DNA. Hydroxychloroquine has also has been found to be taken up into the acidic food vacuoles of the parasite in the erythrocyte. This increases the pH of the acid vesicles, interfering with vesicle functions and possibly inhibiti...
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Absorption: Very rapidly and completely absorbed following oral administration.
Protein binding: Approximately 45%.
Biotransformation: Partially hepatic, to active de-ethylated metabolites.
Half Life: Terminal elimination half-life In blood is approximately 50 days. In plasma it is approximately 32 days.
Toxicity: Symptoms of overdose include headache, drowsiness, visual disturbances, cardiovascular collapse, and convulsions, followed by sudden and early respiratory and cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram may reveal atrial standstill, nodal rhythm, prolonged intraventricular conduction time, and progressive bradycardia leading to ventricular fibrillation and/or arrest.
Affected organisms: Plasmodium
Interactions
Drug interaction:
DigoxinHydroxychloroquine increases the effect of digoxin
MethotrexateHydroxychloroquine increases the effect and toxicity of methotrexate
ArtemetherHydroxychloroquine may increase the adverse effects of artemether. Combination therapy is contraindicated unless there are no other treatment options.
LumefantrineHydroxychloroquine may increase the adverse effects of lumefantrine. Combination therapy is contraindicated unless there are no other treatment options.

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