Name: | Minoxidil |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 4201 |
Description: | A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371) |
Molecular formula: | C9H15N5O |
Molecular weight: | 209.248 g/mol |
Synonyms: |
Riup (TN); 5-25-12-00317 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); Pyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-6-piperidino-, 3-oxide; EINECS 253-874-2; MLS000028566; U 10858; Bio2_000585; Minoxidilum [INN-Latin]; KBio2_001449; 6-Amino-1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-imino-4-piperidinopyrimidine.
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Name: | Minoxidil |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00350 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371) |
Synonyms: |
Minoxidilum [INN-Latin]; Minossidile [Italian]
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Brand: | Loniten, Alopexil, Trocoxidil, Regaine, Normoxidil, Prexidil, Minoximen, Rogaine, Minoxigaine, Pierminox, Alostil, PDP, Theroxidil, Rogaine for Women, Apo-Gain, Rogaine for Men, Gen-Minoxidil, Lonolox, Tricoxidil, Rogaine Extra Strength for Men, Minodyl |
Category: | Vasodilator Agents, Antihypertensive Agents |
CAS number: | 38304-91-5 |
Indication: | For the treatment of severe hypertension and in the topical treatment (regrowth) of androgenic alopecia in males and females and stabilisation of hair loss in patients with androgenic alopecia. |
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Pharmacology: |
Minoxidil is an orally effective direct acting peripheral vasodilator that reduces elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. Minoxidil is also used topically to treat androgenetic alopecia. Microcirculatory blood flow in animals is enhanced or maintained in all systemic vascular beds. In man, forea...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Minoxidil is thought to promote the survival of human dermal papillary cells (DPCs) or hair cells by activating both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt and by preventing cell death by increasing the ratio of BCl-2/Bax. Minoxidil may stimulate the growth of human hairs by prolonging anagen through these proliferative and ...
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Absorption: | Minoxidil is at least 90% absorbed from the GI tract in experimental animals and man. |
Protein binding: | Minoxidil does not bind to plasma proteins. |
Biotransformation: | Approximately 90% of the administered drug is metabolized, predominantly by conjugation with glucuronic acid at the N-oxide position in the pyrimidine ring, but also by conversion to more polar products. Known metabolites exert much less pharmacologic effect than minoxidil itself. |
Half Life: | 4.2 hours |
Toxicity: | Oral LD50 in rats has ranged from 1321-3492 mg/kg; in mice, 2456-2648 mg/kg. Side effects include cardiovascular effects associated with hypotension such as sudden weight gain, rapid heart beat, faintness or dizziness. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
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Drug interaction: |
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