Name: | Phenobarbital |
---|---|
PubChem Compound ID: | 10489854 |
Description: | A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. |
Molecular formula: | C12H12N2O3 |
Molecular weight: | 234.222 g/mol |
Name: | Phenobarbital |
---|---|
Name (isomeric): | DB01174 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It promotes binding to inhibitory GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID subtype receptors, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations. |
Synonyms: |
Fenobarbital; Phenylethylbarbiturate; Phenobarbitol; Phenobarbituric Acid; Phenylethylmalonylurea; Phenylethylbarbituric Acid; Phenobarbitone
|
Brand: | Noptil, Sedonettes, Luminal, Somnoletten, Hypnette, Somnosan, Lubergal, Gardenal, Phenemalum, Seda-Tablinen, Solfoton, Lefebar, Codibarbita, Hennoletten, Lumen, Ensodorm, Lepinaletten, Barbiphenyl, Teoloxin, Lubrokal, Sedofen, Aphenylbarbit, Henotal, Cabronal, Gardepanyl, Eskabarb, Dezibarbitur, Neurobarb, Luramin, Fenosed, Sedlyn, Promptonal, Epanal, Pharmetten, Liquital, Somnolens, Lumesyn, Sombutol, Lepinal, Adonal, Aephenal, Phenobal, Sedabar, Ensobarb, Damoral, Duneryl, Bialminal, Epsylone, Sedizorin, Dormina, Phob, Phenomet, Cratecil, Aphenyletten, Hypnolone, Glysoletten, Sedicat, Leonal, Lephebar, Thenobarbital, Dormiral, Phenyral, Haplopan, Parkotal, Etilfen, Phenobarbyl, Hypnaletten, Hypno-Tablinetten, Sinoratox, Blu-Phen, Hysteps, Versomnal, Stental, Teolaxin, Dormital, Calmetten, Epilol, Triabarb, Agrypnal, Stental Extentabs, Bardorm, Zadonal, Zadoletten, Hypnoltol, Tridezibarbitur, Barbinal, Barbenyl, Talpheno, Bartol, Spasepilin, Barbita, Solu-Barb, Sevenal, Starifen, Barbonal, Starilettae, Chinoin, Lumofridetten, Fenbital, Lixophen, Hypnogen, Phenemal, Doscalun, Triphenatol, Phenoluric, Helional, Nunol, Barbivis, Lumesettes, Sedonal, Molinal, Episedal, Euneryl, Calminal, Haplos, Phenaemal, Barbipil, Phenonyl, Phen-Bar, Somonal, Epidorm, Phenoturic, Barbiphen, Coronaletta, Theoloxin, Luphenil, Fenemal, Cardenal, Polcominal, Barbophen, Phenyletten, Phenolurio, Fenylettae, Amylofene, Linasen, Nova-Pheno, Solfoton Talpheno, Nirvonal |
Category: | GABA Modulators, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Anticonvulsants, Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists |
CAS number: | 50-06-6 |
Indication: | For the treatment of all types of seizures except absence seizures. |
---|---|
Pharmacology: | Phenobarbital, the longest-acting barbiturate, is used for its anticonvulsant and sedative-hypnotic properties in the management of all seizure disorders except absence (petit mal). |
Mechanism of Action: |
Phenobarbital acts on GABAA receptors, increasing synaptic inhibition. This has the effect of elevating seizure threshold and reducing the spread of seizure activity from a seizure focus. Phenobarbital may also inhibit calcium channels, resulting in a decrease in excitatory transmitter release. The sedative-hypnotic effects of phenobarbital are lik...
show more » |
Absorption: | Absorbed in varying degrees following oral, rectal or parenteral administration. The salts are more rapidly absorbed than are the acids. The rate of absorption is increased if the sodium salt is ingested as a dilute solution or taken on an empty stomach. |
Protein binding: | 20 to 45% |
Biotransformation: | Hepatic (mostly via CYP2C19). |
Half Life: | 53 to 118 hours (mean 79 hours) |
Toxicity: | CNS and respiratory depression which may progress to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, areflexia, constriction of the pupils to a slight degree (though in severe poisoning they may wshow paralytic dilation), oliguria, tachycardia, hypotension, lowered body temperature, and coma. Typical shock syndrome (apnea, circulatory collapse, respiratory arrest, and death) may occur. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Food interaction: |
| ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drug interaction: |
|