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PubChem
| Name: | Theophylline |
|---|---|
| PubChem Compound ID: | 11957702 |
| Description: | A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP. |
| Molecular formula: | C8H9N3O2 |
| Molecular weight: | 179.176 g/mol |
| Synonyms: |
EU-0101135
|
DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | Theophylline |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB00277 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Description: | A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLATE CYCLASE and cyclic AMP. |
| Synonyms: |
Theophylline Anhydrous; Theophyline; Dimethylxanthine; Theophyllin; Theophylline aminoacetate; Pseudotheophylline
|
| Brand: | Theophyl-SR, Theocontin, Nuelin, Physpan, Elan, Theolair, Slo-Bid, Uniphyl, Euphylline, Quibron-T, Telb-DS, Theal Tablets, Synophylate-L.A. Cenules, Theophyl-225, Theoclear 80, Theochron, Theobid Duracap, Tefamin, Armophylline, Theona P, Theolix, Quibron-T/SR, Theostat 80, Asmax, Theo-Nite, Slo-Phyllin, Theodrip, Theophyl, Liquophylline, Elixomin, Asbron, Telbans Dry Syrup, Acet-Theocin, Pro-Vent, Lanophyllin, Theolair-SR, Theoclear LA, Elixicon, Aerobin, Liquorice, Accurbron, Diffumal, Pulmo-Timelets, Somophyllin CRT, Sustaire, Theograd, Bronkodyl, Aerolate SR, Asmalix, Austyn, Uniphyllin, Theoclear L.A.-130, Somophyllin T, Theo-Dur, Theostat, Constant T, Dyspne-Inhal, Theospan, Theoclear-200, Aquaphyllin, Respbid, Theoclear, Theo-Sav, Respid, Duraphyllin, Afonilum, Aerolate, Theophylline-SR, Somophyllin-DF, Somophyllin-CRT, Teonova, Theoplus, Euphyllin, Theo 24, Theoclair-SR, Solosin, Theocin, Bronchoretard, Theobid Jr., Teofyllamin, Theopek, Aerolate III, Theo-11, Chronophyllin, Teolair, Medaphyllin, Bronkodyl SR, Theodur Dry Syrup, Teosona, Diphyllin, Spophyllin Retard, Unifyl, Unilong, Maphylline, Elixophyllin, Quibron T, Theoclear-80, Teofilina, Lasma, Theon, Theovent, Theolixir, Theodel, Theo-24, Etheophyl, Doraphyllin, Elixophyllin SR, Respicur, Quibron T/SR, Somophyllin-T, Egifilin, Theacitin, Xantivent, Theotard, Optiphyllin, Uni-Dur, Theo-DS, Euphylong, Bilordyl, Elixophylline, T-Phyl, Tesona, Theofol, Parkophyllin, Synophylate, Cetraphylline, Xanthium, Teocen 200, Duraphyl, Quibron, Pulmidur, Afonilm, Elixex, Theobid, Labid, Talotren, Choledyl SA |
| Brand name mixture: | Theophylline 4mg and 5% dextrose inj(dextrose + theophylline), IDM tab(potassium iodide + pyrilamine maleate + theophylline), Bronchyl Syrup(alcohol anhydrous + beechwood creosote + cocillana + eucalyptus + guaiacol oleate + ipecac + lobelia inflata + menthol + myroxylon balsamum + theophylline + white pine), Diuerb tab(oil of fleabane + theophy... show more » |
| Category: | Vasodilator Agents, Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Bronchodilator Agents |
| CAS number: | 58-55-9 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | For the treatment of the symptoms and reversible airflow obstruction associated with chronic asthma and other chronic lung diseases, such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: |
Theophylline, an xanthine derivative chemically similar to caffeine and theobromine, is used to treat asthma and bronchospasm. Theophylline has two distinct actions in the airways of patients with reversible (asthmatic) obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e., bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., non...
show more » |
| Mechanism of Action: |
Theophylline relaxes the smooth muscle of the bronchial airways and pulmonary blood vessels and reduces airway responsiveness to histamine, methacholine, adenosine, and allergen. Theophylline competitively inhibits type III and type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE), the enzyme responsible for breaking down cyclic AMP in smooth muscle cells, possibly resu...
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| Absorption: | Theophylline is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral administration in solution or immediate-release solid oral dosage form. |
| Protein binding: | 40%, primarily to albumin. |
| Biotransformation: | Hepatic. Biotransformation takes place through demethylation to 1-methylxanthine and 3-methylxanthine and hydroxylation to 1,3-dimethyluric acid. 1-methylxanthine is further hydroxylated, by xanthine oxidase, to 1-methyluric acid. About 6% of a theophylline dose is N-methylated to caffeine. Caffeine and 3-methylxanthine are the only theophylline metabolites with pharmacologic activity. |
| Route of elimination: | Theophylline does not undergo any appreciable pre-systemic elimination, distributes freely into fat-free tissues and is extensively metabolized in the liver. Renal excretion of unchanged theophylline in neonates amounts to about 50% of the dose, compared to about 10% in children older than three months and in adults. |
| Half Life: | 8 hours |
| Clearance: | 0.29 mL/kg/min [Premature neonates, postnatal age 3-15 days] 0.64 mL/kg/min [Premature neonates, postnatal age 25-57 days] 1.7 mL/kg/min [Children 1-4 years] 1.6 mL/kg/min [Children 4-12 years] 0.9 mL/kg/min [Children 13-15 years] 1.4 mL/kg/min [Children 16-17 years] 0.65 mL/kg/min [Adults (16-60 years), otherwise healthy non-smoking asthmatics] 0.41 mL/kg/min [Elderly (>60 years), non-smokers with normal cardiac, liver, and renal function] 0.33 mL/kg/min [Acute pulmonary edema] 0.54 mL/kg/min [COPD >60 years, stable, non-smoker >1 year] 0.48 mL/kg/min [COPD with cor pulmonale] 1.25 mL/kg/min [Cystic fibrosis (14-28 years)] 0.31 mL/kg/min [Liver disease cirrhosis] 0.35 mL/kg/min [acute hepatitis] 0.65 mL/kg/min [cholestasis] 0.47 mL/kg/min [Sepsis with multi-organ failure] 0.38 mL/kg/min [hypothyroid] 0.8 mL/kg/min [hyperthyroid] |
| Toxicity: | Symptoms of overdose include seizures, arrhythmias, and GI effects. |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Interactions
| Food interaction: |
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