Name: | Cytarabine |
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PubChem Compound ID: | 10586353 |
Description: | A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472) |
Molecular formula: | C9H13N3O5 |
Molecular weight: | 244.21 g/mol |
Name: | Cytarabine |
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Name (isomeric): | DB00987 |
Drug Type: | small molecule |
Description: | A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472) |
Synonyms: |
beta-Arabinosylcytosine; Cytosine arabinofuranoside; AraC; Beta-cytosine arabinoside; Cytarabina; Aracytidine; Aracytin; Arabinofuranosylcytosine; Cytosine beta-D-arabinoside; Cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside.
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Brand: | Cytarbel, Erpalfa, Iretin, Depocyt (liposomal), Udicil, Alexan, Cytosar-U, Spongocytidine, AR3, Depocyt, Arabitin, Arafcyt, Tarabine, Cytosar |
Category: | Antimetabolites, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunosuppressive Agents, Antiviral Agents |
CAS number: | 147-94-4 |
Indication: | For the treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. |
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Pharmacology: |
Cytarabine is an antineoplastic anti-metabolite used in the treatment of several forms of leukemia including acute myelogenous leukemia and meningeal leukemia. Anti-metabolites masquerade as purine or pyrimidine - which become the building blocks of DNA. They prevent these substances becoming incorporated in to DNA during the "S" phase (of the cell...
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Mechanism of Action: |
Cytarabine acts through direct DNA damage and incorporation into DNA. Cytarabine is cytotoxic to a wide variety of proliferating mammalian cells in culture. It exhibits cell phase specificity, primarily killing cells undergoing DNA synthesis (S-phase) and under certain conditions blocking the progression of cells from the G1 phase to the S-phase. A...
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Absorption: | Less than 20% of the orally administered dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. |
Protein binding: | 13% |
Biotransformation: | Hepatic. |
Route of elimination: | The primary route of elimination of cytarabine is metabolism to the inactive compound ara-U, followed by urinary excretion of ara-U. |
Half Life: | 10 minutes |
Toxicity: | Cytarabine syndrome may develop - it is characterized by fever, myalgia, bone pain, occasionally chest pain, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, and malaise. |
Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Drug interaction: |
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