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PubChem
| Name: | Epinephrine |
|---|---|
| PubChem Compound ID: | 11588020 |
| Description: | The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. |
| Molecular formula: | C13H19NO9 |
| Molecular weight: | 333.291 g/mol |
DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | Epinephrine |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB00668 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Description: | The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS. |
| Synonyms: |
D-Epifrin; L-Epinephrine; Epinephrinum [INN-Latin]; L-Adrenaline Base; Levoepinephrine; Adrenalinum; Racepinefrine; D-Epinephrine; Adrenalin Chloride; Racepinefrinum [inn-latin].
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| Brand: | Tolcil, Renalina, Levorenin, Adrenosan, Adrenamine, Eppy, Adrenor, Renagladin, Bernarenin, Sindrenina, Suprarenaline, Vaponefrin, Hemisine, Bronkaid Mist, Balmadren, Renaglandulin, Adrenapax, Brevirenin, Vasodrine, Aktamin, Hypernephrin, Myosthenine, Mucidrina, Twinject, Supranefran, Supranol, Supranephrane, Simplene, Vasoconstrictine, Epipen Auto-Injector, Suprarenin, Mytrate, Isoptoepinal, Tonogen, Renostyptin, Bosmin, Nor-Epirenan, Lyophrin, Tokamina, Septocaine, Epirenan, Primatene Mist, Sympathin E, Suprel, Adrine, Medihaler-Epi, Surrenine, Adrin, Vasoton, Asthma Meter Mist, Levorenen, Supranephrine, Tolax, Sympathin I, Adrenohorma, Nephridine, Adnephrine, Corisol, Kidoline, Epifrin, Hektalin, Stryptirenal, Asthma-Nefrin, Nieraline, Supradin, Drenamist, IOP, Asthmahaler Mist, Soladren, Norartrinal, Intranefrin, Styptirenal, Epi EZ Pen Jr, Micronefrin, Haemostatin, Asmatane Mist, Sus-Phrine, Nephron, Lidocaton, Adrenine, Epipen, Bronkaid Suspension Mist, Vasotonin, Biorenine, Epirenamine, Glycirenan, Astminhal, Epitrate, Astmahalin, Adrenan, Exadrin, Sphygmogenin, Hemostasin, Adrenal, Hemostatin, Antiasthmatique, Epirenin, Glaucosan, Bronkaid, Takamina, Tolhart, Esphygmogenina, Takamine, Asthmanefrin, Renaglandin, Epipen Jr., Levonor, Metanephrin, Epiglaufrin, Chelafrin, Renostypricin, Surenine, Renostypticin, Renoform, Epipen Jr. Auto-Injector, Epipen EZ Pen, Adrenodis, Scurenaline, Renaleptine, ADROP, Susphrine, Glaucon, Dylephrin, Adrenatrate, Haemostasin, Adrenalin-Medihaler, Paranephrin, Tolansin, Supracapsulin, Duranest, Citanest Forte, Adrenutol, Ana-Guard, Adrenasol, Iontocaine, Levorenine, Hyporenin, Glauposine |
| Brand name mixture: | Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000(Epinephrine + Lidocaine Hydrochloride), Spinal Anesthesia Tray(Dextrose + Ephedrine Sulfate + Epinephrine + Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Tetracaine Hydrochloride), Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj(Epinephrine + Lidocaine Hydrochloride), Fng Ii(Astragalus Menziesii + Candida Parapsilosis + Charcoal Activated + Echinac... show more » |
| Category: | Mydriatics, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Adrenergic beta-Agonists, Sympathomimetics, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Bronchodilator Agents, Adrenergic Agonists |
| CAS number: | 51-43-4 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | Used to treat anaphylaxis and sepsis. Also one of the body's main adrenergic neurotransmitters. |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: |
Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effect...
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| Mechanism of Action: | Epinephrine works via the stimulation of alpha and beta-1 adrenergic receptors, and a moderate activity at beta-2 adrenergic receptors. |
| Absorption: | Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output. |
| Biotransformation: | Epinephrine is rapidly inactivated in the body and is degraded by enzymes in the liver and other tissues. The larger portion of injected doses is excreted in the urine as inactivated compounds and the remainder either partly unchanged or conjugated. The drug becomes fixed in the tissues and is inactivated chiefly by enzymatic transformation to metanephrine or normetanephrine either of which is subsequently conjugated and excreted in the urine in the form of sulfates and glucuronides. Either sequence results in the formation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid which also is detectable in the urine. Main metabolic enzymes include MAO and COMT |
| Route of elimination: | Renal |
| Half Life: | 2 minutes |
| Toxicity: | Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat) |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Interactions
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