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PubChem
| Name: | Levodopa |
|---|---|
| PubChem Compound ID: | 10198062 |
| Description: | The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. |
| Molecular formula: | C9H11NO4 |
| Molecular weight: | 196.189 g/mol |
DrugBank
Identification
| Name: | Levodopa |
|---|---|
| Name (isomeric): | DB01235 |
| Drug Type: | small molecule |
| Description: | The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system. |
| Synonyms: |
L-DOPA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; DOPA; L-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
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| Brand: | Larodopa, Syndopa, Prodopa, Dopar, Eldopar, Dopasol, Dopaflex, Dopal, Eldopal, Dopaston, Doprin, Eldopatec, Maipedopa, Deadopa, Dopaidan, Eurodopa, Pardopa, Brocadopa, Weldopa, Dopalina, Helfo-Dopa, Ledopa, Veldopa, Levopa, Cidandopa, Bendopa, Insulamina, Laradopa, Levedopa, Dopal-Fher, Doparl, Doparkine, Parda, Dopastral |
| Brand name mixture: | Sinemet CR(carbidopa + levodopa), Ratio-Levodopa/Carbidopa(carbidopa + levodopa), Pro-Lecarb-100/25 - Tab(carbidopa + levodopa), Prolopa Cap 50-12.5(Benserazide + Levodopa), Dom-Levo-Carbidopa(carbidopa + levodopa), Apo-Levocarb CR Controlled-Release Tablets(carbidopa + levodopa), Pro-Lecarb-100/10 - Tab(carbidopa + levodopa), Novo-Levocarbidopa... show more » |
| Category: | Antidyskinetics, Antiparkinson Agents, Dopamine Agents |
| CAS number: | 59-92-7 |
Pharmacology
| Indication: | For the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Paralysis Agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, symptomatic parkinsonism which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication, and manganese intoxication. |
|---|---|
| Pharmacology: |
Levodopa (L-dopa) is used to replace dopamine lost in Parkinson's disease because dopamine itself cannot cross the blood-brain barrier where its precursor can. However, L-DOPA is converted to dopamine in the periphery as well as in the CNS, so it is administered with a peripheral DDC (dopamine decarboxylase) inhibitor such as carbidopa, without whi...
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| Mechanism of Action: |
Striatal dopamine levels in symptomatic Parkinson's disease are decreased by 60 to 80%, striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by exogenous supplementation of dopamine through administration of dopamine's precursor, levodopa. A small percentage of each levodopa dose crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to dopamine....
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| Absorption: | Levodopa is rapidly absorbed from the proximal small intestine by the large neutral amino acid (LNAA) transport carrier system. |
| Protein binding: | High |
| Biotransformation: | 95% of an administered oral dose of levodopa is pre-systemically decarboxylated to dopamine by the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) enzyme in the stomach, lumen of the intestine, kidney, and liver. Levodopa also may be methoxylated by the hepatic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme system to 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), which cannot be converted to central dopamine. |
| Half Life: | 50 to 90 minutes |
| Toxicity: | Oral, mouse: LD50 = 2363 mg/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 609 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 1780 mg/kg. |
| Affected organisms: | Humans and other mammals |
Interactions
| Drug interaction: |
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Targets
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