QuickView for proinsulin (gene)
- Gene Symbol:
- INS
Homo sapiens - Full name:
- insulin
- Synonyms:
- IDDM, IDDM1, IDDM2, ILPR, IRDN, MODY10, insulin, preproinsulin, proinsulin
- Genomic Location:
- Chr 11: 2137585-2139015
- Description:
-
After removal of the precursor signal peptide, proinsulin is post-translationally cleaved into three peptides: the B chain and A chain peptides, which are covalently linked via two disulfide bonds to form insulin, and C-peptide. Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (INSR) stimulates glucose uptake. A multitude of mutant alleles with phenotypi...
- Orthologs:
- Mus musculus , Rattus norvegicus , Bos taurus , Danio rerio , Gallus gallus , Pan troglodytes , Canis lupus familiaris
- External Links:
- Entrez Gene
- Transcription Factor
Binding Sites:
- Cytogenetic Map:
-
11p15.5
GO Molecular Function
enzyme binding | protein-containing complex binding | signaling receptor binding | hormone activity | molecular function regulator | identical protein binding | protein binding | insulin receptor binding | receptor regulator activity | receptor ligand activity | insulin-like growth factor receptor binding | protease binding
GO Biological Process
positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | regulation of blood vessel diameter | regulation of cell cycle process | positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process | positive regulation of locomotion | negative regulation of immune system process | regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress | positive regulation of cellular component organization | regulation of response to oxidative stress | regulation of cellular localization | negative regulation of peptide secretion | positive regulation of ATP metabolic process | intracellular signal transduction | regulation of cell development | regulation of localization | positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process | regulation of programmed cell death | negative regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | establishment of localization | regulation of immune system process | response to hormone | negative regulation of cellular process | positive regulation of developmental process | glucose metabolic process | regulation of protein localization to membrane | defense response | glucose homeostasis | positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process | regulation of protein oligomerization | negative regulation of protein secretion | regulation of organelle organization | positive regulation of cellular component movement | regulation of peptide hormone secretion | positive regulation of protein secretion | intracellular transport | negative regulation of proteolysis | positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process | cellular process | negative regulation of inflammatory response | regulation of glucose import | regulation of cell motility | localization | regulation of glycolytic process | positive regulation of synaptic transmission | negative regulation of signaling | neuron projection maintenance | negative regulation of gluconeogenesis | negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity | anion homeostasis | regulation of mitotic nuclear division | positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | negative regulation of innate immune response | positive regulation of protein kinase activity | negative regulation of apoptotic process | negative regulation of secretion | positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity | regulation of proteolysis | regulation of cell cycle | positive regulation of catalytic activity | positive regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | establishment of localization in cell | negative regulation of establishment of protein localization | negative regulation of cellular metabolic process | response to peptide hormone | regulation of behavior | regulation of fat cell differentiation | regulation of cell differentiation | negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | negative regulation of acute inflammatory response | regulation of protein kinase B signaling | regulation of immune response | regulation of cellular process | leukocyte activation | positive regulation of cell growth | regulation of apoptotic process | positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | regulation of metabolic process | regulation of protein complex assembly | positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death | cellular response to organonitrogen compound | cellular component organization | MAPK cascade | T cell activation | regulation of peptide secretion | regulation of glycogen catabolic process | response to stimulus | negative regulation of protein transport | regulation of cellular protein localization | regulation of feeding behavior | regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | positive regulation of protein metabolic process | signal transduction by protein phosphorylation | regulation of blood vessel size | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | response to stress | positive regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | positive regulation of cellular protein localization | regulation of cell proliferation | positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | response to peptide | positive regulation of glucose import | positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation | negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process | cellular localization | positive regulation of cytokine secretion | negative regulation of protein oligomerization | positive regulation of hormone secretion | negative regulation of transport | hormone activity | regulation of protein transport | blood circulation | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | negative regulation of metabolic process | protein modification process | regulation of synapse structure or activity | regulation of peptide transport | modulation of chemical synaptic transmission | negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | macromolecule modification | cell-cell signaling | activation of protein kinase activity | molecular function regulator | negative regulation of blood vessel diameter | regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription | positive regulation of peptide secretion | regulation of cellular response to stress | positive regulation of monooxygenase activity | response to nitrogen compound | cellular response to hormone stimulus | nitrogen compound metabolic process | regulation of signal transduction | positive regulation of organelle organization | negative regulation of secretion by cell | negative regulation of respiratory burst | positive regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | negative regulation of catalytic activity | cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus | regulation of MAPK cascade | phosphorus metabolic process | negative regulation of lipid catabolic process | regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | cellular response to insulin stimulus | positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling | regulation of catalytic activity | regulation of phosphorylation | regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | regulation of hormone levels | regulation of hormone secretion | positive regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus | wound healing | regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity | regulation of acute inflammatory response | positive regulation of cell cycle | positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle | regulation of gene expression | positive regulation of secretion | regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process | nervous system process | cellular response to peptide | regulation of protein autophosphorylation | regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus | insulin receptor signaling pathway | positive regulation of cellular metabolic process | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | regulation of protein localization to nucleus | positive regulation of ATP biosynthetic process | regulation of synapse organization | regulation of nitrogen compound metabolic process | regulation of cell migration | enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway | monosaccharide metabolic process | small molecule metabolic process | positive regulation of cell projection organization | positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction | vesicle-mediated transport | regulation of cellular component movement | regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | positive regulation of cell differentiation | activation of protein kinase B activity | acute-phase response | cognition | positive regulation of cell migration | positive regulation of glucose transmembrane transport | positive regulation of glycolytic process | positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | negative regulation of immune response | phosphorylation | carbohydrate metabolic process | positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation | regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | protein phosphorylation | regulation of respiratory burst | phosphate-containing compound metabolic process | positive regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | cell communication | regulation of cellular metabolic process | regulation of protein kinase activity | regulation of lipid catabolic process | inflammatory response | regulation of protein metabolic process | positive regulation of signal transduction | homeostatic process | positive regulation of cell proliferation | positive regulation of establishment of protein localization | regulation of protein phosphorylation | regulation of locomotion | Golgi vesicle transport | regulation of RNA metabolic process | regulation of tube size | positive regulation of transport | positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion | regulation of lipid biosynthetic process | regulation of mitotic cell cycle | lymphocyte activation | positive regulation of molecular function | regulation of cytokine secretion | regulation of signaling receptor activity | receptor regulator activity | negative regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process | protein metabolic process | regulation of establishment of protein localization | positive regulation of protein modification process | regulation of growth | response to organic substance | regulation of innate immune response | negative regulation of behavior | positive regulation of respiratory burst | regulation of kinase activity | response to wounding | fatty acid homeostasis | regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity | regulation of intracellular signal transduction | negative regulation of intracellular signal transduction | response to insulin | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | regulation of glucose metabolic process | negative regulation of lipid metabolic process | cell projection organization | metabolic process | negative regulation of response to oxidative stress | negative regulation of feeding behavior | positive regulation of glucose metabolic process | regulation of protein catabolic process | regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | regulation of RNA biosynthetic process | hexose metabolic process | negative regulation of programmed cell death | regulation of tube diameter | chemical homeostasis | regulation of secretion | receptor ligand activity | negative regulation of protein complex assembly | organic substance metabolic process | negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | negative regulation of biosynthetic process | regulation of glucose transmembrane transport | regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway | negative regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | regulation of protein secretion | positive regulation of kinase activity | alpha-beta T cell activation | ion homeostasis | regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus | regulation of ATP metabolic process | regulation of phosphate metabolic process | regulation of dendritic spine maintenance | positive regulation of cytokine production | regulation of postsynapse organization | regulation of brown fat cell differentiation | cell activation | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | positive regulation of protein transport | regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | negative regulation of protein catabolic process | negative regulation of protein metabolic process | positive regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process | regulation of cell communication | negative regulation of molecular function | ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | negative regulation of signal transduction | signaling | positive regulation of growth | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | regulation of oxidoreductase activity | regulation of transmembrane transporter activity | positive regulation of phosphorylation | cellular protein metabolic process | regulation of cytokine production | positive regulation of fat cell differentiation | regulation of cellular ketone metabolic process | regulation of developmental process | regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity | positive regulation of cell cycle process | regulation of cell growth | cellular protein modification process | positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation | regulation of transport | regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity | response to organonitrogen compound | regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | regulation of gluconeogenesis | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway | regulation of generation of precursor metabolites and energy | regulation of lipid metabolic process | positive regulation of metabolic process | regulation of synaptic plasticity | regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction | positive regulation of lipid metabolic process | regulation of cell projection organization | acute inflammatory response | immune system process | cellular metabolic process | cellular response to organic substance | regulation of protein localization | regulation of cell death | positive regulation of cell motility | negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | negative regulation of cell death | positive regulation of blood vessel diameter | regulation of inflammatory response | carbohydrate homeostasis | lipid homeostasis | regulation of cellular component organization | negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process | positive regulation of signaling | negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process | positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division | signal transduction | regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | regulation of signaling | positive regulation of gene expression | regulation of glycogen metabolic process | macromolecule metabolic process | multicellular organismal process | regulation of phosphorus metabolic process
GO Cellular Component
secretory granule | endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | organelle membrane | cytoplasmic vesicle | cell | cytoplasmic vesicle lumen | cytoplasm | intracellular organelle | endoplasmic reticulum | Golgi apparatus | endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane | secretory vesicle | endomembrane system | vesicle | transport vesicle | endoplasmic reticulum lumen | Golgi membrane | endosome | extracellular region | membrane-bounded organelle | endosome lumen | organelle | extracellular space | membrane-enclosed lumen | secretory granule lumen | intracellular vesicle | intracellular | membrane | vesicle lumen | Golgi lumen
