The negative regulation of Toll-like receptor and associated pathways.

Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.

Immunology and cell biology 2007 Aug-Sep

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity by recognizing and eliciting responses upon invasion of pathogens. The response of TLRs must be stringently regulated as exaggerated expression of signalling components as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines can have devastating effects on the host, resulting in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders and aid in the pathogenesis of TLR-associated human diseases. Therefore, it is essential that negative regulators act at multiple levels within TLR signalling cascades, as well as through eliciting negative-feedback mechanisms in order to synchronize the positive activation and negative regulation of signal transduction to avert potentially harmful immunological consequences. This review explores the various mechanisms employed by negative regulators to ensure the appropriate modulation of both immune and inflammatory responses.

Citation

Tali Lang, Ashley Mansell. The negative regulation of Toll-like receptor and associated pathways. Immunology and cell biology. 2007 Aug-Sep;85(6):425-34