How Ca2+-ATPase pumps ions across the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. ct@iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Biochimica et biophysica acta 2009 Jun

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Ca2+-ATPase of muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is an ATP-powered Ca2+-pump that establishes a >10,000 fold concentration gradient across the membrane. Its crystal structures have been determined for 9 different states that cover nearly the entire reaction cycle. Presented here is a brief structural account of the ion pumping process, with emphasis on why the structure has to be so.