Polyarteritis nodosa with multiple aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula successfully diagnosed by colour Doppler sonography.

HongYan Wang, JianChu Li, YuXin Jiang, Qing Dai, Ying Jiang, Yong Hou, XiaoGuang Li

Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy Medical Sciences, N0.1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dong Cheng District, Beijing 100730, China.

Clinical rheumatology 2013 Mar

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Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis that typically affects small- and middle-sized arteries of multiple organs. The kidney is most commonly involved. To date, few cases of PAN involving the celiac artery and no cases of iliac artery or internal carotid artery involvement have been published. The most frequent lesions reported were due to occlusions and aneurysms. Finally, no cases of PAN causing arteriovenous fistula have been reported. Here we present a case of PAN with multiple aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula that was successfully diagnosed and followed-up by ultrasound. This case report describes the challenges in diagnosing PAN and highlights the importance of a holistic approach when encountering patients with multiple vascular diseases. Ultrasound should be considered the first-line approach in the diagnosis of PAN.

Citation

HongYan Wang, JianChu Li, YuXin Jiang, Qing Dai, Ying Jiang, Yong Hou, XiaoGuang Li. Polyarteritis nodosa with multiple aneurysms and renal arteriovenous fistula successfully diagnosed by colour Doppler sonography. Clinical rheumatology. 2013 Mar;32 Suppl 1:S89-92