Vertical and horizontal transmission of tilapia larvae encephalitis virus: the bad and the ugly.

Michael S Sinyakov, Sandro Belotsky, Mark Shlapobersky, Ramy R Avtalion

The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel. sinyakov@mail.biu.ac.il

Virology 2011 Feb 5

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Impairment of innate immunity in tilapia larvae after vertical and horizontal infection with the newly characterized tilapia larvae encephalitis virus (TLEV) was accessed by evaluation of cell-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in affected fish with the use of horseradish peroxidase-amplified luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The priming in-vivo infection with TLEV resulted in downregulation of ROS response in both vertically- and horizontally-infected fish; this suppression was further exacerbated by specific in-vitro booster infection with the same virus. Application of Ca ionophore and phorbol myristate acetate as alternative nonspecific boosters enabled restoration of ROS release in vertically-infected but not in horizontally-infected larvae. The results indicate severe TLEV-imposed phagocyte dysfunction in affected larvae. The difference in restoration potential of ROS production after vertical and horizontal virus transmission is interpreted in the frame of principal distinctions between the two modes. Copyright Â© 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Michael S Sinyakov, Sandro Belotsky, Mark Shlapobersky, Ramy R Avtalion. Vertical and horizontal transmission of tilapia larvae encephalitis virus: the bad and the ugly. Virology. 2011 Feb 5;410(1):228-33