Epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene.

Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Department of Genetics, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.

International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience 2011 Dec

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The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, EC 1.14.16.2) gene and protein determines the catecholamine level, which, in turn, is crucial for the organism homeostasis. The TH gene expression is regulated by near all possible regulatory mechanisms on epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Ongoing molecular characteristic of the TH gene reveals some of the cis and trans elements necessary for its proper expression but most of them especially these responsible for tissue specific expression remain still obscure. This review will focus on some aspects of TH regulation including spatial chromatin organization of the TH locus and TH gene, regulatory elements mediating basal, induced and cell-specific activity, transcriptional elongation, alternative TH RNA processing, and the regulation of TH RNA stability in the cell. Copyright Â© 2011 ISDN. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation

Robert Lenartowski, Anna Goc. Epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene. International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience. 2011 Dec;29(8):873-83