Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after remission induction chemotherapy.

Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.

International journal of hematology 2012 Feb

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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been reported in childhood leukemia patients increasingly frequently. However, the development of PRES in adult leukemia patients during chemotherapy is very rare. We present a case of PRES in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after remission induction chemotherapy. A 28-year-old woman with ALL was administered remission induction chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase. After initiation of chemotherapy, the patient developed paralytic ileus and hypertension, and on day 30, she suddenly developed generalized convulsions, loss of visual acuity, and muscle weakness in the legs. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and her signs and symptoms were typical of PRES. The symptoms gradually improved following treatment with an anticonvulsant and an antihypertensive agent, and the patient underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. She has completely recovered from PRES and has been asymptomatic without leukemia relapse. During remission induction chemotherapy for ALL, PRES may be caused by multiple drugs, such as L-asparaginase, vincristine, and corticosteroids, with different mechanisms of action. PRES should be recognized as an important complication, which will occur more frequently with the increased intensity of chemotherapy for adult ALL patients.

Citation

Shokichi Tsukamoto, Masahiro Takeuchi, Chika Kawajiri, Satomi Tanaka, Yuhei Nagao, Yasumasa Sugita, Atsuko Yamazaki, Takeharu Kawaguchi, Tomoya Muto, Shio Sakai, Yusuke Takeda, Chikako Ohwada, Emiko Sakaida, Naomi Shimizu, Koutaro Yokote, Tohru Iseki, Chiaki Nakaseko. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in an adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after remission induction chemotherapy. International journal of hematology. 2012 Feb;95(2):204-8