Enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering by incorporation of alkaline phosphatase.

Macromolecular bioscience 2012 Aug

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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme involved in mineralization of bone, is incorporated into three hydrogel biomaterials to induce their mineralization with calcium phosphate (CaP). These are collagen type I, a mussel-protein-inspired adhesive consisting of PEG substituted with catechol groups, cPEG, and the PEG/fumaric acid copolymer OPF. After incubation in Ca-GP solution, FTIR, EDS, SEM, XRD, SAED, ICP-OES, and von Kossa staining confirm CaP formation. The amount of mineral formed decreases in the order cPEG > collagen > OPF. The mineral:polymer ratio decreases in the order collagen > cPEG > OPF. Mineralization increases Young's modulus, most profoundly for cPEG. Such enzymatically mineralized hydrogel/CaP composites may find application as bone regeneration materials. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Citation

Timothy E L Douglas, Philip B Messersmith, Safak Chasan, Antonios G Mikos, Eric L W de Mulder, Glenn Dickson, David Schaubroeck, Lieve Balcaen, Frank Vanhaecke, Peter Dubruel, John A Jansen, Sander C G Leeuwenburgh. Enzymatic mineralization of hydrogels for bone tissue engineering by incorporation of alkaline phosphatase. Macromolecular bioscience. 2012 Aug;12(8):1077-89