Virulence factors of schistosomes.

Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. raw3@york.ac.uk

Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur 2012 Dec

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This review considers whether the products of schistosomes in the mammalian host can be considered as virulence factors. These include: the cercarial secretions used in infection, those of the migrating schistosomulum, surface-exposed proteins of adult worms in the portal system and their gut vomitus in the context of immune evasion, secretions of the egg facilitating its escape from gut tissues and micro-exon gene products. Copyright © 2012 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.