Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm biomass residue.

M K Mohamad Haafiz, S J Eichhorn, Azman Hassan, M Jawaid

Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai UTM, Johor, Malaysia.

Carbohydrate polymers 2013 Apr 2

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In this work, we successfully isolated microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber-total chlorine free (TCF) pulp using acid hydrolysis method. TCF pulp bleaching carried out using an oxygen-ozone-hydrogen peroxide bleaching sequence. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates that acid hydrolysis does not affect the chemical structure of the cellulosic fragments. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCC was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a compact structure and a rough surface. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of the surface indicates the presence of spherical features. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 87% crystallinity. The MCC obtained from OPEFB-pulp is shown to have a good thermal stability. The potential for a range of applications such as green nano biocomposites reinforced with this form of MCC and pharmaceutical tableting material is discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation

M K Mohamad Haafiz, S J Eichhorn, Azman Hassan, M Jawaid. Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm biomass residue. Carbohydrate polymers. 2013 Apr 2;93(2):628-34