Surface protein Esp enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through NF-κB activation during enterococcal infection.

Jun Zou, Nathan Shankar

Innate immunity 2016 Jan

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Enterococcal surface protein (Esp) is encoded on a pathogenicity island in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium and is involved in biofilm formation and binding to epithelial cells. In this study, using Esp-expressing E. faecalis MMH594 and its isogenic Esp-deficient strain, as well as purified Esp, we show that Esp is sufficient for activation of NF-κB and the subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in macrophages in vitro. In a mouse peritonitis model, we also show that mice infected with Esp-expressing E. faecalis showed comparatively higher levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in peritoneal fluid, and IL-6 in serum. Moreover, neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in the liver was higher in the mice infected with the Esp-expressing strain compared with mice infected with the Esp-deficient mutant. These results add Esp to the growing list of enterococcal virulence factors that can modulate inflammation during infection and has implications for enterococcal pathogenesis. © The Author(s) 2015.

Citation

Jun Zou, Nathan Shankar. Surface protein Esp enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine expression through NF-κB activation during enterococcal infection. Innate immunity. 2016 Jan;22(1):31-9