Recurrent mutations in the MTOR regulator RRAGC in follicular lymphoma.

This study was performed to further our understanding of the biological and genetic basis of follicular lymphoma (FL) and to identify potential novel therapy targets. We analyzed previously generated whole exome sequencing data of 23 FL cases and one transformed FL case and expanded findings to a combined total of 125 FL/ 3 t-FL. We modeled the 3D-location of RRAGC-associated hotspot mutations. We performed functional studies on novel RRAGC mutants in stable retrovirally transduced HEK293T cells, stable lentivirally transduced lymphoma cell lines and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report recurrent mutations, including multiple amino acid hotspots, in the small G-protein RRAGC, which is part of a protein complex that signals intracellular amino acid concentrations to MTOR, in 9.4% of FL cases. Mutations in RRAGC distinctly clustered on one protein surface area surrounding the GTP/GDP binding sites. Mutated RRAGC proteins demonstrated increased binding to RPTOR (raptor) and substantially decreased interactions with the product of the tumor suppressor gene FLCN (folliculin). In stable retrovirally transfected 293T cells, cultured in the presence or absence of leucine, multiple RRAGC mutations demonstrated elevated MTOR activation as evidenced by increased RPS6KB/S6-kinase phosphorylation. Similar activation phenotypes were uncovered in yeast engineered to express mutations in the RRAGC homolog Gtr2 and in multiple lymphoma cell lines expressing HA-tagged RRAGC mutant proteins. Our discovery of activating mutations in RRAGC in ~10% of FL provides the mechanistic rationale to study mutational MTOR activation and MTOR inhibition as a potential novel actionable therapeutic target in FL. Copyright ©2016, American Association for Cancer Research.

Citation

Zhang Xiao Ying, Meiyan Jin, Luke F Peterson, Denzil Bernard, Kamlai Saiya-Cork, Mehmet Yildiz, Shaomeng Wang, Mark Kaminski, Alfred Chang, Daniel J Klionsky, Sami Malek. Recurrent mutations in the MTOR regulator RRAGC in follicular lymphoma. Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2016 Jun 7

PMID: 27267853

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