Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Sorbus sensu stricto (Rosaceae).

Meng Li, Tetsuo Ohi-Toma, Yun-Dong Gao, Bo Xu, Zhang-Ming Zhu, Wen-Bin Ju, Xin-Fen Gao

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2017 Jun

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Explaining how plants from eastern Asia migrated to other Northern Hemisphere regions is still challenging. The genus Sorbus sensu stricto (including c. 88 species) is considered as a good example to illuminate this scenario, due to the wide distribution in the temperate zone and high diversity in the Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains. Based on four nuclear markers (LEAFY-2, GBSSI-1, SBEI and WD) and one chloroplast marker (rps16-trnK), we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of Sorbus using 54 taxa (60% of the genus representing all subgenera, sections, or series and geographical areas in the previous classifications), and estimated divergence time and historical biogeography of the genus. Phylogenetic analyses supported that the subgenera Sorbus and Albo-carmesinae, as defined by traditional morphological characters (such as fruit color), are suitable. However, five clades defined by phylogenetic analysis of the genus are not consistent with traditionally defined sections or series. Molecular dating and biogeographic reconstruction showed that the age of the most recent common ancestor was estimated at 41mya (95% HPD: 49-35mya) in eastern Asia. Four dispersal events are assumed to explain the wide distribution of Sorbus in the temperate zone and diversification in the edges of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Species dispersed from eastern Asia to the Tianshan Mountains, North America and Europe during the Oligocene and Miocene period. We found that polyploidization occurred multiple times in the subgenus Albo-carmesinae, in the Tianshan Mountains, Himalayas, and H-D Mountains. Finally, we suggest that apomixis, polyploidization, and hybridization may have combined with the multistage uplifting of Himalayas and H-D Mountains (and the subsequent increases in geologic, ecological and climatic heterogeneity) to drive the striking species diversity of Sorbus in this region. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Meng Li, Tetsuo Ohi-Toma, Yun-Dong Gao, Bo Xu, Zhang-Ming Zhu, Wen-Bin Ju, Xin-Fen Gao. Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of Sorbus sensu stricto (Rosaceae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution. 2017 Jun;111:76-86