Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying?

Christine Hechler, Roseriet Beijers, J Marianne Riksen-Walraven, Carolina de Weerth

Developmental psychobiology 2018 Sep

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The present longitudinal study is the first to investigate the association between human breast milk cortisol and infant crying over the first three months of life. Higher concentrations of breast milk cortisol were expected to be differentially associated with fussing and crying in boys and girls. At 2, 6, and 12 weeks of infant age, mothers (N = 70) collected a morning sample of their milk and kept a 3-day diary to measure infant fussing and crying. Cortisol was extracted and quantified from milk samples. Results showed that breast milk cortisol concentrations increased from 2 weeks through 12 weeks of infant age. Milk cortisol was unrelated to the total duration, frequency, and bout length of infant fussing and crying for both boys and girls. Directions for future research aiming to extend our knowledge on the biology of milk cortisol in relation to infant behavior and development are discussed. © 2018 The Authors. Developmental Psychobiology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Citation

Christine Hechler, Roseriet Beijers, J Marianne Riksen-Walraven, Carolina de Weerth. Are cortisol concentrations in human breast milk associated with infant crying? Developmental psychobiology. 2018 Sep;60(6):639-650