miRNA Modulation of Insect Virus Replication.

Verna Monsanto-Hearne, Karyn N Johnson

Current issues in molecular biology 2020

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The outcome of virus infection in insects is impacted by regulation of both host and virus gene expression. A class of small RNAs called microRNAs (miRNA) have emerged as important regulators of gene expression that can influence the outcome of virus infection. miRNA regulation occurs at a comparatively late stage of gene expression, allowing for rapid control and fine-tuning of gene expression levels. Here we discuss the biogenesis of miRNAs from both host and virus genomes, the interactions that lead to regulation of gene expression, and the miRNA-mRNA interactions that lead to either antivirus or provirus consequences in the course of virus infection in insects.