Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain.

Zhe Cao, Yan Hao, Chun Wing Fung, Yiu Yiu Lee, Pengfei Wang, Xuesong Li, Kang Xie, Wen Jiun Lam, Yifei Qiu, Ben Zhong Tang, Guanghou Shui, Pingsheng Liu, Jianan Qu, Byung-Ho Kang, Ho Yi Mak

Nature communications 2019 Jul 01

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Exogenous metabolites from microbial and dietary origins have profound effects on host metabolism. Here, we report that a sub-population of lipid droplets (LDs), which are conserved organelles for fat storage, is defined by metabolite-modulated targeting of the C. elegans seipin ortholog, SEIP-1. Loss of SEIP-1 function reduces the size of a subset of LDs while over-expression of SEIP-1 has the opposite effect. Ultrastructural analysis reveals SEIP-1 enrichment in an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) subdomain, which co-purifies with LDs. Analyses of C. elegans and bacterial genetic mutants indicate a requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and microbial cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) for SEIP-1 enrichment, as confirmed by dietary supplementation experiments. In mammalian cells, heterologously expressed SEIP-1 engages nascent lipid droplets and promotes their subsequent expansion in a conserved manner. Our results suggest that microbial and polyunsaturated fatty acids serve unexpected roles in regulating cellular fat storage by promoting LD diversity.

Citation

Zhe Cao, Yan Hao, Chun Wing Fung, Yiu Yiu Lee, Pengfei Wang, Xuesong Li, Kang Xie, Wen Jiun Lam, Yifei Qiu, Ben Zhong Tang, Guanghou Shui, Pingsheng Liu, Jianan Qu, Byung-Ho Kang, Ho Yi Mak. Dietary fatty acids promote lipid droplet diversity through seipin enrichment in an ER subdomain. Nature communications. 2019 Jul 01;10(1):2902