Fluvastatin potentiates anticancer activity of vorinostat in renal cancer cells.

Kazuki Okubo, Makoto Isono, Kosuke Miyai, Takako Asano, Akinori Sato

Cancer science 2020 Jan

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Drug repositioning is an emerging approach to developing novel cancer treatments. Vorinostat is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for cancer treatment, but it could attenuate its anticancer activity by activating the mTOR pathway. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin reportedly activates the mTOR inhibitor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and we thought that it would potentiate vorinostat's anticancer activity in renal cancer cells. The combination of vorinostat and fluvastatin induced robust apoptosis and inhibited renal cancer growth effectively both in vitro and in vivo. Vorinostat activated the mTOR pathway, as evidenced by the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6, and fluvastatin inhibited this phosphorylation by activating AMPK. Fluvastatin also enhanced vorinostat-induced histone acetylation. Furthermore, the combination induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that was accompanied by aggresome formation. We also found that there was a positive feedback cycle among AMPK activation, histone acetylation, and ER stress induction. This is the first study to report the beneficial combined effect of vorinostat and fluvastatin in cancer cells. © 2019 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

Citation

Kazuki Okubo, Makoto Isono, Kosuke Miyai, Takako Asano, Akinori Sato. Fluvastatin potentiates anticancer activity of vorinostat in renal cancer cells. Cancer science. 2020 Jan;111(1):112-126