Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Risk factors and outcome.

The Journal of infection 2020 Mar

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) is increasingly identified in intensive care unit (ICU). This study aim to identify risk factors for SM ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and whether it affects ICU mortality METHODS: Two nested matched case-control studies were performed based in OUTCOMEREA database. The first episodes of SM-VAP patients were matched with two different control groups: VAP due to other micro-organisms (VAP-other) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa VAP (Pyo-VAP). Matching criteria were the hospital, the SAPS II, and the previous duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). Of the 102 SM-VAP patients (6.2% of all VAP patients), 92 were matched with 375 controls for the SM-VAP/other-VAP matching and 84 with 237 controls for the SM-VAP/Pyo-VAP matching. SM-VAP risk factors were an exposition to ureido/carboxypenicillin or carbapenem during the week before VAP, and respiratory and coagulation components of SOFA score upper to 2 before VAP. SM-VAP received early adequate therapy in 70 cases (68.6%). Risk factors for Day-30 were age (OR = 1.03; p < 0.01) and Chronic heart failure (OR = 3.15; p < 0.01). Adequate treatment, either monotherapy or combination of antimicrobials, did not modify mortality. There was no difference in 30-day mortality, but 60-day mortality was higher in patients with SM-VAP compared to Other-VAP (P = 0.056). In a large series, independent risk factors for the SM-VAP were ureido/carboxypenicillin or carbapenem exposure the week before VAP, and respiratory and coagulation components of the SOFA score > 2 before VAP. Mortality risk factors of SM-VAP were age and chronic heart failure. Adequate treatment did not improve SM-VAP prognosis. Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Citation

Wafa Ibn Saied, Sybille Merceron, Carole Schwebel, Alban Le Monnier, Johana Oziel, Maité Garrouste-Orgeas, Guillaume Marcotte, Stéphane Ruckly, Bertrand Souweine, Michael Darmon, Lila Bouadma, Etienne de Montmollin, Bruno Mourvillier, Jean Reignier, Laurent Papazian, Shidasp Siami, Elie Azoulay, Jean-Pierre Bédos, Jean-Francois Timsit. Ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: Risk factors and outcome. The Journal of infection. 2020 Mar;80(3):279-285