The Indian cobra reference genome and transcriptome enables comprehensive identification of venom toxins.
Kushal Suryamohan, Sajesh P Krishnankutty, Joseph Guillory, Matthew Jevit, Markus S Schröder, Meng Wu, Boney Kuriakose, Oommen K Mathew, Rajadurai C Perumal, Ivan Koludarov, Leonard D Goldstein, Kate Senger, Mandumpala Davis Dixon, Dinesh Velayutham, Derek Vargas, Subhra Chaudhuri, Megha Muraleedharan, Ridhi Goel, Ying-Jiun J Chen, Aakrosh Ratan, Peter Liu, Brendan Faherty, Guillermo de la Rosa, Hiroki Shibata, Miriam Baca, Meredith Sagolla, James Ziai, Gus A Wright, Domagoj Vucic, Sangeetha Mohan, Aju Antony, Jeremy Stinson, Donald S Kirkpatrick, Rami N Hannoush, Steffen Durinck, Zora Modrusan, Eric W Stawiski, Kristen Wiley, Terje Raudsepp, R Manjunatha Kini, Arun Zachariah, Somasekar Seshagiri
Nature genetics 2020 JanSnakebite envenoming is a serious and neglected tropical disease that kills ~100,000 people annually. High-quality, genome-enabled comprehensive characterization of toxin genes will facilitate development of effective humanized recombinant antivenom. We report a de novo near-chromosomal genome assembly of Naja naja, the Indian cobra, a highly venomous, medically important snake. Our assembly has a scaffold N50 of 223.35 Mb, with 19 scaffolds containing 95% of the genome. Of the 23,248 predicted protein-coding genes, 12,346 venom-gland-expressed genes constitute the 'venom-ome' and this included 139 genes from 33 toxin families. Among the 139 toxin genes were 19 'venom-ome-specific toxins' (VSTs) that showed venom-gland-specific expression, and these probably encode the minimal core venom effector proteins. Synthetic venom reconstituted through recombinant VST expression will aid in the rapid development of safe and effective synthetic antivenom. Additionally, our genome could serve as a reference for snake genomes, support evolutionary studies and enable venom-driven drug discovery.
Citation
Kushal Suryamohan, Sajesh P Krishnankutty, Joseph Guillory, Matthew Jevit, Markus S Schröder, Meng Wu, Boney Kuriakose, Oommen K Mathew, Rajadurai C Perumal, Ivan Koludarov, Leonard D Goldstein, Kate Senger, Mandumpala Davis Dixon, Dinesh Velayutham, Derek Vargas, Subhra Chaudhuri, Megha Muraleedharan, Ridhi Goel, Ying-Jiun J Chen, Aakrosh Ratan, Peter Liu, Brendan Faherty, Guillermo de la Rosa, Hiroki Shibata, Miriam Baca, Meredith Sagolla, James Ziai, Gus A Wright, Domagoj Vucic, Sangeetha Mohan, Aju Antony, Jeremy Stinson, Donald S Kirkpatrick, Rami N Hannoush, Steffen Durinck, Zora Modrusan, Eric W Stawiski, Kristen Wiley, Terje Raudsepp, R Manjunatha Kini, Arun Zachariah, Somasekar Seshagiri. The Indian cobra reference genome and transcriptome enables comprehensive identification of venom toxins. Nature genetics. 2020 Jan;52(1):106-117
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PMID: 31907489
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