Palmoplantar keratoderma caused by a missense variant in CTSB encoding cathepsin B.

Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) refers to a large group of disorders characterized by extensive genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. PPK diagnosis therefore increasingly relies upon genetic analysis. To delineate the genetic defect underlying a case of diffuse erythematous PPK associated with peeling of the skin. Whole exome and direct sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, protein modelling and a cathepsin B enzymatic assay were used. The patient studied had severe diffuse erythematous PPK transgrediens. Pedigree analysis suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in the CTSB gene, encoding the cysteine protease cathepsin B. Genomic duplications in a noncoding region, which regulates the expression of CTSB, were recently found to cause erythrokeratolysis hiemalis, a rare autosomal dominant disorder of cornification. This mutation affects a highly conserved residue, and is predicted to be pathogenic. Protein modelling indicated that the mutation is likely to lead to increased endopeptidase cathepsin B activity. Accordingly, the CTSB variant was found to result in increased cathepsin B proteolytic activity. In summary, we report the identification of the first gain-of-function missense mutation in CTSB, which was found to be associated in one individual with a dominant form of diffuse PPK. © 2020 British Association of Dermatologists.

Citation

J Mohamad, L Samuelov, L Malki, A Peled, M Pavlovsky, K Malovitski, S Taiber, N Adir, T Rabinowitz, N Shomron, J D Milner, G Lestringant, O Sarig, E Sprecher. Palmoplantar keratoderma caused by a missense variant in CTSB encoding cathepsin B. Clinical and experimental dermatology. 2021 Jan;46(1):103-108

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PMID: 32683719

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