Complementary mesoscale dynamics of spectrin and acto-myosin shape membrane territories during mechanoresponse.

The spectrin-based membrane skeleton is a major component of the cell cortex. While expressed by all metazoans, its dynamic interactions with the other cortex components, including the plasma membrane or the acto-myosin cytoskeleton, are poorly understood. Here, we investigate how spectrin re-organizes spatially and dynamically under the membrane during changes in cell mechanics. We find spectrin and acto-myosin to be spatially distinct but cooperating during mechanical challenges, such as cell adhesion and contraction, or compression, stretch and osmolarity fluctuations, creating a cohesive cortex supporting the plasma membrane. Actin territories control protrusions and contractile structures while spectrin territories concentrate in retractile zones and low-actin density/inter-contractile regions, acting as a fence that organize membrane trafficking events. We unveil here the existence of a dynamic interplay between acto-myosin and spectrin necessary to support a mesoscale organization of the lipid bilayer into spatially-confined cortical territories during cell mechanoresponse.

Citation

Andrea Ghisleni, Camilla Galli, Pascale Monzo, Flora Ascione, Marc-Antoine Fardin, Giorgio Scita, Qingsen Li, Paolo Maiuri, Nils C Gauthier. Complementary mesoscale dynamics of spectrin and acto-myosin shape membrane territories during mechanoresponse. Nature communications. 2020 Oct 09;11(1):5108

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PMID: 33037189

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