Tryptophan Depletion Modulates Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase-Mediated High-Affinity Tryptophan Uptake into Human Cells.

Takumi Yokosawa, Aomi Sato, Keisuke Wakasugi

Genes 2020 Nov 27

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The novel high-affinity tryptophan (Trp)-selective transport system is present at elevated levels in human interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-treated and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)-expressing cells. High-affinity Trp uptake into cells results in extracellular Trp depletion and immune suppression. We have previously shown that both IDO1 and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS), whose expression levels are increased by IFN-γ, have a crucial function in high-affinity Trp uptake into human cells. Here, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between TrpRS and IDO1 in high-affinity Trp uptake. We demonstrated that overexpression of IDO1 in HeLa cells drastically enhances high-affinity Trp uptake upon addition of purified TrpRS protein to uptake assay buffer. We also clarified that high-affinity Trp uptake by Trp-starved cells is significantly enhanced by the addition of TrpRS protein to the assay buffer. Moreover, we showed that high-affinity Trp uptake is also markedly elevated by the addition of TrpRS protein to the assay buffer of cells overexpressing another Trp-metabolizing enzyme, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Taken together, we conclude that Trp deficiency is crucial for high-affinity Trp uptake mediated by extracellular TrpRS.

Citation

Takumi Yokosawa, Aomi Sato, Keisuke Wakasugi. Tryptophan Depletion Modulates Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthetase-Mediated High-Affinity Tryptophan Uptake into Human Cells. Genes. 2020 Nov 27;11(12)