Adverse drug reactions of local anesthetics used in dentistry].

A V Matveev, A E Krasheninnikov, R I Yagudina, E A Egorova, E I Konyaeva

Stomatologiia 2020

filter terms:

The aim. Study the adverse drug reactions (ADR) that occur when using local anesthetics (LA) in patients living in the Republic of Crimea and registered during the period 2010-2018. The objects of the study were 122 notification forms about LA ADR recorded in the regional base (Register) of spontaneous reports called ARCADe (Adverse Reactions in Crimea, Autonomic Database). In most cases, ADR was associated with the use of amide LA Lidocaine - 69 cases (56.55% of the total number of cases for LA ADR), less often, ADR was caused by combinations containing Articaine (34 cases, 27.87%). Rare cases of ADR were reported for Novocaine/Procaine (9 cases, 7.38%), Bupivacaine (8 cases, 6.56%) and Mepivacaine (2 cases, 1.64%). The main clinical manifestations of reactions were hypersensitivity-like reactions (38 cases), cardiac and vascular disorders (29 cases) and central nervous system disorders (19 cases). Lack of effectiveness of LA occurred in 13 cases (10.66%). A study of the outcome of ADR revealed a high incidence of life-threatening conditions associated with LA use - 31 cases (25.4%), which indicates the severity of the event and the need to cancel the suspected drug and prescribe additional medications for correction. The need for hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization was necessary in 7 cases (5.8%), and temporary disability of patients was revealed in 5 cases (4.1%). Of particular interest are 2 cases (1.6%) of the development of a fatal outcome as a result of the suspected anaphylactic shock (1 case) and disorders of the central nervous system (convulsions, development of respiratory failure). The high frequency and severity of unwanted effects resulted from the use of LA requires healthcare professionals to make rational choices and strictly monitor patient safety.

Citation

A V Matveev, A E Krasheninnikov, R I Yagudina, E A Egorova, E I Konyaeva. Adverse drug reactions of local anesthetics used in dentistry]. Stomatologiia. 2020;99(6):82-88