A synergy of activity, stability, and inhibitor-interaction of HIV-1 protease mutants evolved under drug-pressure.

Shahid N Khan, John D Persons, Michel Guerrero, Tatiana V Ilina, Masayuki Oda, Rieko Ishima

Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2021 Mar

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A clinically-relevant, drug-resistant mutant of HIV-1 protease (PR), termed Flap+(I54V) and containing L10I, G48V, I54V and V82A mutations, is known to produce significant changes in the entropy and enthalpy balance of drug-PR interactions, compared to wild-type PR. A similar mutant, Flap+(I54A) , which evolves from Flap+(I54V) and contains the single change at residue 54 relative to Flap+(I54V) , does not. Yet, how Flap+(I54A) behaves in solution is not known. To understand the molecular basis of V54A evolution, we compared nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and enzymatic assay data from four PR proteins: PR (pWT), Flap+(I54V) , Flap+(I54A) , and Flap+(I54) , a control mutant that contains only L10I, G48V and V82A mutations. Our data consistently show that selection to the smaller side chain at residue 54, not only decreases inhibitor affinity, but also restores the catalytic activity. © 2020 The Protein Society.

Citation

Shahid N Khan, John D Persons, Michel Guerrero, Tatiana V Ilina, Masayuki Oda, Rieko Ishima. A synergy of activity, stability, and inhibitor-interaction of HIV-1 protease mutants evolved under drug-pressure. Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society. 2021 Mar;30(3):571-582