Dissecting the structural features of β-arrestins as multifunctional proteins.

Yaejin Yun, Jeongseok Ji, Hyung Ho Lee

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics 2021 Apr

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β-arrestins bind active G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and play a crucial role in receptor desensitization and internalization. The classical paradigm of arrestin function has been expanded with the identification of many non-receptor-binding partners, which indicated the multifunctional role of β-arrestins in cellular functions. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of β-arrestin-mediated signaling, the structural features of β-arrestins were investigated using X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). However, the intrinsic conformational flexibility of β-arrestins hampers the elucidation of structural interactions between β-arrestins and their binding partners using conventional structure determination tools. Therefore, structural information obtained using complementary structure analysis techniques would be necessary in combination with X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM data. In this review, we describe how β-arrestins interact with their binding partners from a structural point of view, as elucidated by both traditional methods (X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM) and complementary structure analysis techniques. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Yaejin Yun, Jeongseok Ji, Hyung Ho Lee. Dissecting the structural features of β-arrestins as multifunctional proteins. Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics. 2021 Apr;1869(4):140603