Antifungal therapy with azoles and the syndrome of acquired mineralocorticoid excess.

Katharina R Beck, Alex Odermatt

Molecular and cellular endocrinology 2021 Mar 15

filter terms:

The syndromes of mineralocorticoid excess describe a heterogeneous group of clinical manifestations leading to endocrine hypertension, typically either through direct activation of mineralocorticoid receptors or indirectly by impaired pre-receptor enzymatic regulation or through disturbed renal sodium homeostasis. The phenotypes of these disorders can be caused by inherited gene variants and somatic mutations or may be acquired upon exposures to exogenous substances. Regarding the latter, the symptoms of an acquired mineralocorticoid excess have been reported during treatment with azole antifungal drugs. The current review describes the occurrence of mineralocorticoid excess particularly during the therapy with posaconazole and itraconazole, addresses the underlying mechanisms as well as inter- and intra-individual differences, and proposes a therapeutic drug monitoring strategy for these two azole antifungals. Moreover, other therapeutically used azole antifungals and ongoing efforts to avoid adverse mineralocorticoid effects of azole compounds are shortly discussed. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Katharina R Beck, Alex Odermatt. Antifungal therapy with azoles and the syndrome of acquired mineralocorticoid excess. Molecular and cellular endocrinology. 2021 Mar 15;524:111168