Regulatory B cells, A to Z.

B cells play a central role in the immune system through the production of antibodies. During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that B cells also have the capacity to regulate immune responses through mechanisms that extend beyond antibody production. Several types of human and murine regulatory B cells have been reported that suppress inflammatory responses in autoimmune disease, allergy, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Key suppressive molecules associated with regulatory B-cell function include the cytokines IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-β as well as cell membrane-bound molecules such as programmed death-ligand 1, CD39, CD73, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regulatory B cells can be induced by a range of different stimuli, including microbial products such as TLR4 or TLR9 ligands, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-α, as well as CD40 ligation. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge on regulatory B cells. We discuss different types of regulatory B cells, the mechanisms through which they exert their regulatory functions, factors that lead to induction of regulatory B cells and their role in the alteration of inflammatory responses in different diseases. © 2021 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Citation

Kirstin Jansen, Lacin Cevhertas, Siyuan Ma, Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa, Mübeccel Akdis, Willem van de Veen. Regulatory B cells, A to Z. Allergy. 2021 Sep;76(9):2699-2715

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PMID: 33544905

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