Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system.

Bahram Shojadoost, Alexander Yitbarek, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Raveendra R Kulkarni, Jake Astill, Nitish Boodhoo, Shayan Sharif

Poultry science 2021 Apr

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Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Bahram Shojadoost, Alexander Yitbarek, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Raveendra R Kulkarni, Jake Astill, Nitish Boodhoo, Shayan Sharif. Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system. Poultry science. 2021 Apr;100(4):100930