Developing smarter vaccines for paratuberculosis: From early biomarkers to vaccine design.

Kumudika de Silva

Immunological reviews 2021 May

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Vaccines for paratuberculosis have been used for over a hundred years but the disease continues to affect ruminant health and livestock industries globally. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis which causes the disease also known as Johne's disease is a subversive pathogen able to undermine both innate and adaptive host defense mechanisms. This review focuses on early protective immune pathways that lead to some animals becoming resilient to infection to provide a road map for designing better vaccines and emphasizes the need for harnessing the potential of mucosal immunity. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Citation

Kumudika de Silva. Developing smarter vaccines for paratuberculosis: From early biomarkers to vaccine design. Immunological reviews. 2021 May;301(1):145-156