The transcription factor of the Hippo signaling pathway, LmSd, regulates wing development in Locusta migratoria.

Xiaohong Zhang, Zhixing Liu, Mengdi Li, Ziyang Zhang, Xiaochen Wen, Daochuan Zhang, Hong Yin

International journal of biological macromolecules 2021 May 15

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Scalloped (Sd) is transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and organ growth in the Hippo pathway. In the present research, LmSd was identified and characterized, and found to encode an N-terminal TEA domain and a C-terminal YBD domain. qRT-PCR showed that the LmSd transcription level was highest in the fifth-instar nymphs and very little was expressed in embryos. Tissue-specific analyses showed that LmSd was highly expressed in the wing. Immunohistochemistry indicated that LmSd was highly abundant in the head, prothorax, and legs during embryonic development. LmSd dsRNA injection resulted in significantly down-regulated transcription and protein expression levels compared with dsGFP injection. Gene silencing of LmSd resulted in deformed wings that were curved, wrinkled, and failed to fully expand. Approximately 40% of the nymphs had wing pads that were not able to close normally during molting from fifth-instar nymphs into adults. After silencing of LmSd, the transcription levels of cell division genes were suppressed and the expression levels of apoptosis genes were significantly up-regulated. Our results reveal that LmSd plays an important role in wing formation and development by controlling cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Xiaohong Zhang, Zhixing Liu, Mengdi Li, Ziyang Zhang, Xiaochen Wen, Daochuan Zhang, Hong Yin. The transcription factor of the Hippo signaling pathway, LmSd, regulates wing development in Locusta migratoria. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2021 May 15;179:136-143