Bat and pangolin coronavirus spike glycoprotein structures provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution.

Shuyuan Zhang, Shuyuan Qiao, Jinfang Yu, Jianwei Zeng, Sisi Shan, Long Tian, Jun Lan, Linqi Zhang, Xinquan Wang

Nature communications 2021 Mar 11

filter terms:

In recognizing the host cellular receptor and mediating fusion of virus and cell membranes, the spike (S) glycoprotein of coronaviruses is the most critical viral protein for cross-species transmission and infection. Here we determined the cryo-EM structures of the spikes from bat (RaTG13) and pangolin (PCoV_GX) coronaviruses, which are closely related to SARS-CoV-2. All three receptor-binding domains (RBDs) of these two spike trimers are in the "down" conformation, indicating they are more prone to adopt the receptor-binding inactive state. However, we found that the PCoV_GX, but not the RaTG13, spike is comparable to the SARS-CoV-2 spike in binding the human ACE2 receptor and supporting pseudovirus cell entry. We further identified critical residues in the RBD underlying different activities of the RaTG13 and PCoV_GX/SARS-CoV-2 spikes. These results collectively indicate that tight RBD-ACE2 binding and efficient RBD conformational sampling are required for the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to gain highly efficient infection.

Citation

Shuyuan Zhang, Shuyuan Qiao, Jinfang Yu, Jianwei Zeng, Sisi Shan, Long Tian, Jun Lan, Linqi Zhang, Xinquan Wang. Bat and pangolin coronavirus spike glycoprotein structures provide insights into SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Nature communications. 2021 Mar 11;12(1):1607