New Insights in Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema.

Dante Akira Kondo Kuroiwa, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde 2021

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Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the most common cause of vision loss in diabetic eyes, and due to the rapid rise in the number of diabetic patients, the treatment burden has increased exponentially. The introduction of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been a major breakthrough in the management of center-involving DME, replacing laser photocoagulation as the first-line treatment. Despite the improvement in DME treatment with anti-VEGF therapy, persistent DME remains a challenge due to the extremely complex pathogenesis and the involvement of several different biochemical pathways. This review focuses on therapeutic options for persistent DME, which include corticosteroids, laser, and surgery. Novel agents for DME control such as new anti-VEGF, interleukin inhibitor, Rho-kinase inhibitor, and neuroprotective agents that are being investigated are reviewed as well. Future treatment perspectives include an individualized DME management. © 2021 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

Citation

Dante Akira Kondo Kuroiwa, Fernando Korn Malerbi, Caio Vinicius Saito Regatieri. New Insights in Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde. 2021;244(6):485-494