Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes.

João Jacob Ramalho, Victor Arnold Shivas Jones, Sumanth Mutte, Dolf Weijers

The Plant cell 2022 Jan 20

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Having a sense of direction is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine cell shape, division orientation, or function, and ultimately the formation of a functional, multicellular body. Cells acquire and integrate directional information by establishing discrete subcellular domains along an axis with distinct molecular profiles, a process known as cell polarization. Insight into the principles and mechanisms underlying cell polarity has been propelled by decades of extensive research mostly in yeast and animal models. Our understanding of cell polarity establishment in plants, which lack most of the regulatory molecules identified in other eukaryotes, is more limited, but significant progress has been made in recent years. In this review, we explore how plant cells coordinately establish stable polarity axes aligned with the organ axes, highlighting similarities in the molecular logic used to polarize both plant and animal cells. We propose a classification system for plant cell polarity events and nomenclature guidelines. Finally, we provide a deep phylogenetic analysis of polar proteins and discuss the evolution of polarity machineries in plants. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists.

Citation

João Jacob Ramalho, Victor Arnold Shivas Jones, Sumanth Mutte, Dolf Weijers. Pole position: How plant cells polarize along the axes. The Plant cell. 2022 Jan 20;34(1):174-192