Inhaled Edoxaban dry powder inhaler formulations: Development, characterization and their effects on the coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection.

Md Abdur Rashid, Saiqa Muneer, Jayanti Mendhi, Mohammad Zaidur Rahman Sabuj, Yahya Alhamhoom, Yin Xiao, Tony Wang, Emad L Izake, Nazrul Islam

International journal of pharmaceutics 2021 Oct 25

filter terms:

Herein, we demonstrated the development and characterization of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of edoxaban (EDX); and investigated the in-vitro anticoagulation effect for the management of pulmonary or cerebral coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection. The formulations were prepared by mixing the inhalable micronized drug with a large carrier lactose and dispersibility enhancers, leucine, and magnesium stearate. The drug-excipient interaction was studied using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The drug and excipients showed no physical inter particulate interaction. The in-vitro drug aerosolization from the developed formulation was determined by a Twin Stage Impinger (TSI) at a flow rate of 60 ± 5 L /min. The amount of drug deposition was quantified by an established HPLC-UV method. The fine particle fraction (FPF) of EDX API from drug alone formulation was 7%, whereas the formulations with excipients increased dramatically to almost 7-folds up to 47%. The developed DPI formulation of EDX showed a promising in-vitro anticoagulation effect at a very low concentration. This novel DPI formulation of EDX could be a potential and effective inhalation therapy for managing pulmonary venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with COVID-19 infection. Further studies are warranted to investigate the toxicity and clinical application of the inhaled EDX DPI formulation. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Citation

Md Abdur Rashid, Saiqa Muneer, Jayanti Mendhi, Mohammad Zaidur Rahman Sabuj, Yahya Alhamhoom, Yin Xiao, Tony Wang, Emad L Izake, Nazrul Islam. Inhaled Edoxaban dry powder inhaler formulations: Development, characterization and their effects on the coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 infection. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2021 Oct 25;608:121122