Gliotoxicity and Glioprotection: the Dual Role of Glial Cells.
André Quincozes-Santos, Camila Leite Santos, Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida, Amanda da Silva, Natalie K Thomaz, Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa, Fernanda Becker Weber, Izaviany Schmitz, Lara Scopel Medeiros, Lívia Medeiros, Bethina Segabinazzi Dotto, Filipe Renato Pereira Dias, Vanessa Sovrani, Larissa Daniele Bobermin
Molecular neurobiology 2021 DecGlial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) are critical for the central nervous system (CNS) in both physiological and pathological conditions. With this in mind, several studies have indicated that glial cells play key roles in the development and progression of CNS diseases. In this sense, gliotoxicity can be referred as the cellular, molecular, and neurochemical changes that can mediate toxic effects or ultimately lead to impairment of the ability of glial cells to protect neurons and/or other glial cells. On the other hand, glioprotection is associated with specific responses of glial cells, by which they can protect themselves as well as neurons, resulting in an overall improvement of the CNS functioning. In addition, gliotoxic events, including metabolic stresses, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, as well as their related mechanisms, are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric and infectious diseases. However, glioprotective molecules can prevent or improve these glial dysfunctions, representing glial cells-targeting therapies. Therefore, this review will provide a brief summary of types and functions of glial cells and point out cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with gliotoxicity and glioprotection, potential glioprotective molecules and their mechanisms, as well as gliotherapy. In summary, we expect to address the relevance of gliotoxicity and glioprotection in the CNS homeostasis and diseases. © 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
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André Quincozes-Santos, Camila Leite Santos, Rômulo Rodrigo de Souza Almeida, Amanda da Silva, Natalie K Thomaz, Naithan Ludian Fernandes Costa, Fernanda Becker Weber, Izaviany Schmitz, Lara Scopel Medeiros, Lívia Medeiros, Bethina Segabinazzi Dotto, Filipe Renato Pereira Dias, Vanessa Sovrani, Larissa Daniele Bobermin. Gliotoxicity and Glioprotection: the Dual Role of Glial Cells. Molecular neurobiology. 2021 Dec;58(12):6577-6592
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PMID: 34581988
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